The relation between the climate regulation and the multilateral trade regime is a rising issue in the field of international governance. This article presents the options available to OPEC economies related to this. It analyses the option of introducing a carbon tax or border adjustment measures in the core of the WTO regime. It demonstrates that this option is not sustainable for both institu...

oil-exporting economies largely dependent on oil revenues and oil income fluctuation are one of the most important factors that influence sectors of the economy specially the stock market. this paper investigate the relationship between oil markets and stock return volatility and transmission in a selection of opec countries, using a multivariate garch models (full-vech) over the period may 201...

after the establishment of the opec, oil-rich countries of the third world, which were in struggle with big petroleum companies since the 1950s, tried to use oil as a means for achieving their economic and political goals. as an example, the opec raised the price of petroleum in 1973 and 1974 to unprecedent levels. concurrent with these conditions, richard nixon, then the president of the unite...

This paper presents a test to discriminate among behaviors of producers of exhaustible resources. In contrast with previous empirical studies (Griffin, 1985), which studied the static implications of such behaviors, our approach is based on the possibility of testing the dynamic implications of the behavior of the "competitive" producer versus the "collusive" producer. The behavior of a competi...

Global discussions on the reduction of Co2 emissions and the increasing interest in alternative energy sources and production technologies have started to concern oil exporting nations. International discussions on projects such as Desert Tec might also have sparked their interest to explore a possible diversification of their energy resource production portfolio. However, extremely low in-coun...