BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) originate from the diffuse neuroendocrine system. These can arise in almost every organ of the body, although they are most commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. The skull base and sellar region are extremely rare sites for neuroendocrine carcinoma. Consequently, in this case, both diagnosis and definition of surgical goals, ...

The present study compared the dosimetry of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) techniques in patients treated for high-grade glioma. A total of 20 patients underwent computed tomography treatment planning in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging fusion. Prescription dose and normal-tissue constraints were identical for t...

1. Local inhibition in the deep layers of the superior colliculus plays a crucial role in sensorimotor integration. Using intracellular and extracellular recording techniques, we studied the organization of inhibitory circuits in the deep layers of the superior colliculus in anaesthetized rabbits. 2. We identified a new cell type in the deep superior colliculus that showed a characteristic burs...

Autoradiographic analysis of the primary retinal projections in the thornback guitarfish reveals both contralateral and ipsilateral projections to diencephalic, pretectal, and tegmental nuclei and the optic tectum. A total of 12 retino-recipient cell groups receive ipsilateral as well as contralateral inputs. To date, all studies using Fink-Heimer or autoradiographic methods in elasmobranch fis...

purpose : to present a patient with radiation chiasma neuropathy, secondary to radiotherapy of paranasal sinus lymphoma who was referred for evaluation of gradual decrease of vision in both eyes case report : the patient was a 38-year-old male, with history of right maxillary sinus lymphoma, who underwent surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. one year after radiotherapy, he noticed gradu...

SUMMARY We report a case of Whipple disease involving the brain, optic chiasm, posterior fossa, and spinal cord. We evaluate the role of MR imaging for initial evaluation and for long-term follow-up of Whipple disease involving the CNS. We also discuss the semiologic characteristics of the lesions.

An unusual case of intracranial penetration of a bread knife through the orbit is described. Despite the proximity of the blade to the internal carotids, the optic nerves and chiasm, and the pituitary the patient survived with only a minimal field defect affecting the eye opposite to the entry site; otherwise no neurological or endocrine deficit was evident.

THE occurrence of pallor of the optic discs and bitemporal field defects suggests to every ophthalmologist the possibility of a pituitary tumour. This diagnosis is usually confirmed by x-ray examination of the skull, when the classical signs of ballooning of the sella turcica with backward displacement or erosion of the posterior clinoid processes and, in more advanced cases, gross enlargement ...

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of melanin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Mice that are homozygous for the albino allele at the tyrosinase locus have fewer retinal ganglion cells with uncrossed projections at the optic chiasm. To determine the site of the albino gene action we studied the projections of retinal ganglion cells in two types of pigmentation mosaic mi...

Retinal ganglion cell axons exit the eye, enter the optic stalk, cross the ventral midline at the optic chiasm, and terminate in the optic tectum of the zebrafish. While in the optic stalk, they grow immediately adjacent to cells expressing the powerful retinal axon repellent slit2. The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1) is expressed within the optic stalk and its receptor CXCR4 is ...