of Bruch'-s membrane at the optic n-erve. Three cases of partial cross ruptures of the optic nerve are reported histologically. All three are discovered at the very insertion of the lamina elastica chorioideae. The tear was caused in all cases (traumatic, expulsive haemorrhage and haemorrhagic glaucoma) by an instantaneous, probably arterial, subiretinal bleeding. Traumatic retropulsion of the ...

Nerve fibers originating in the retina follow a specific topographical arrangement in the optic nerve and chiasm. Compressive lesions at the junction of the intracranial optic nerve and optic chiasm can produce characteristic visual field defects. Optic nerve involvement at the junction of the optic chiasm results in unilateral visual field loss. If fibers from the inferonasal retina of the con...

The axons that make up the optic nerve originate from the retinal ganglion cells and extend from there to the lateral geniculate body. If cellular integrity is interrupted by disease anywhere along the course of an axon, degeneration occurs in both directions from the point of insult. Thus, axon frag­ ments between the site of injury and the lat­ eral geniculate body are separated from their nu...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of major eye diseases and low vision or blindness in a national sample of male US Union Army veterans from 1890 to 1910 and to compare these prevalence rates with contemporary rates for the same diseases and visual status. DESIGN Longitudinal histories of 16,022 white Union Army veterans receiving disability pensions from 1890 to 1910 were developed from ...

BACKGROUND Developmental delay has been reported to occur with optic nerve hypoplasia, a leading cause of pediatric blindness, but has not been systematically examined for its prevalence and correlation with associated pathologies of optic nerve hypoplasia. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the developmental outcomes of children with optic nerve hypoplasia and the correlati...

PURPOSE Cytoskeleton proteins play a critical role in maintaining retinal ganglion cell structure, viability, and function. This study documents the distribution of cytoskeleton protein subunits in the various regions of the normal human optic nerve and identifies important relationships among mitochondria, myelin, and neurofilament proteins. METHODS Twenty-three optic nerves from human cadav...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is a well-known relationship between MS and damage to the optic nerve, but advanced, quantitative MR imaging methods have not been applied to large cohorts. Our objective was to determine whether a short imaging protocol (< 10 minutes), implemented with standard hardware, could detect abnormal water diffusion in the optic nerves of patients with MS. MATERIALS AND ...

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival is critical for vision, but these neurons are exquisitely sensitive to insults. In acute diseases such as ischaemic optic neuropathy or optic neuritis, or in chronic diseases such as glaucoma, injury to RGC axons in the optic nerve may lead to rapid RGC death. Retinal ischaemia and retinal artery or vein occlusions directly injure RGC cell bodies in the gang...

PURPOSE Autoimmune retinopathies and optic neuropathies are complex disorders of the retina and the optic nerve, in which patients develop autoantibodies (AAbs) against retinal and optic nerve proteins. Autoimmunity might significantly influence the outcome of retinal and optic nerve degenerative process but the pathogenic process is not fully elucidated. To better understand the role of AAbs i...

Development of the Xenopus laevis optic nerve was studied by light and electron microscopy from embryonic stage 26, before the retina has formed, to juveniles, 8 months postmetamorphic. Low-power EM photographs of sections through the retinal optic nerve (RON), middle optic nerve (MON) and chiasmatic optic nerve (CON) were prepared at different stages and the areas containing large axons (0-5 ^...