In this letter, we address one of the essential processes to consider in long Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOAs) analysis, which is the noise. Particularly, we investigate the impact of noise effects on the SOA behavior by measuring the gain, the optical signal to noise ratio and the noise figure, referring to numerical simulations. Although its gain dynamics provide very attractive featur...

In this article nickel interdigital capacitors were fabricated on top of silicon substrates. The capacitance of the interdigital capacitor was optimized by coating the electrodes with a 60 nm layer of HfO2. An analytical solution of the capacitance was compared to electromagnetic simulations using COMSOL and with experimental measurements. Results show that modeling interdigital capacitors usin...

The plasma optical radiation emitted during CO2 laser welding of stainless steel samples has been detected with a Si-PIN photodiode and analyzed under different process conditions. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has been used to decompose the optical signal into various discrete series of sequences over different frequency bands. The results show that changes of the process settings may y...

The CMS tracker slow control system will use approximately 1000 digital optical links for the transmission of timing, trigger and control signals. In this system, the 80Mbit/s optical receiver at the detector end of each optical link has to be radiation hard since it will operate in the severe radiation environment of the CMS tracker (10 Mrad in 10 years). We have developed a prototype circuit ...

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of pin ± and spin structures on Riemannian manifolds with holonomy group Z k 2. For any n ≥ 4 (resp. n ≥ 6) we give examples of pairs of compact manifolds (resp. compact orientable manifolds) M1, M2, non homeomorphic to each other, that are Laplace isospectral on functions and on p-forms for any p and such that M1 admits a pin ± (res...

Droplet impact onto a solid surface is modeled and numerically simulated using an ALE formulation of the Navier-Stokes free surface equations. The triple line dynamics aspect is modeled implicitely through the Shikhmurzaev theory. Those equations involve a generalized Navier slip boundary conditions with the variation of the surface tension near the triple line (thus a local Marangoni effect). ...

in this study we investigate the effect of atoms such as b, n, ge and sn on the optical and the electrical properties of capped (5, 0) zigzag carbon nanotube, using dft calculation method. these elements were attached to the one end of the carbon nanotube. we considered four different structure designs as possible candidates for a p-n junction device. the electrical properties of these structur...

Auxin is a key regulator of plant development and its differential distribution in plant tissues, established by a polar cell to cell transport, can trigger a wide range of developmental processes. A few members of the two families of auxin efflux transport proteins, PIN-formed (PIN) and P-glycoprotein (ABCB/PGP), have so far been characterized in maize. Nine new Zea mays auxin efflux carriers ...

Noncontact long-range position sensing is desirable for a number of applications. We have designed and fabricated a monolithically integrated vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and p-type/intrinsic/n-type (PIN) photodetectors for optical position sensing. Calculations using the reflection from a periodic metallic corrugation as a position gauge indicate resolution in the submicron r...

Proportional solenoids are wellknown and used in a wide range of applications today. However, the theory behind the functional principle of proportional magnetic actuators is not very well represented in literature. This paper discusses methods of influencing the characteristic force-strokecurves of magnetic actuators by means of different pole geometries. The conical design of the stator pole,...