background aging causes many changes in human physiology, increasing the risk of pathologic conditions in elderly populations. different studies have shown higher frequency of oral and maxillofacial lesions in older people. knowing the prevalence and distribution of these lesions can help dentists in screening these patients. objectives this study aimed to evaluate the frequency and distributio...

statement of the problem halitosis is a common condition. many oral diseases, as well as several systemic diseases, may cause halitosis. according to some studies the prevalence of this symptom is more than 50%. purpose the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of general practitioners (dentists), who work in tehran, about “halitosis”. material & methods in this cross-sectional, descr...

chronic constipation is a debilitating condition that is often associated with different abdominal problem. it can cause distress for the child and family and can result in emotional disturbance and family problem. based on the current algorhytm, the treatment of chronic constipation consists of 4 important phases, 1: education, 2: disimpaction, 3: prevention of re-accumulation of feces and 4: ...

the best recognized intestinal manifestation of food allergy is food allergic (food-sensitive) enteropathy. the feature of enteropathy may include lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, epithelial abnormality, or crypt hyperplastic villous atrophy, and impairing absorption, enterophaty continues while the food remains in the diet, remitting on an exclusion diet, and usually recurring on food ...

approximately 20% of caustic ingestions result in some degree of esophageal injury. alkaline materials are the most frequent corrosive materials ingested.     the physical form and ph of ingested materials play a critical role in the site and type of gastrointestinal injury (ph > 12 or ph < 1.5, crystalline drain cleaners). unlike alkaline solutions, strong acids are bitter, burn on contact and...

childrenwith helicobacter infection need treatment. the aim of treatment is elimination of h.pylori. most patients with this infection are asymptomatic and without peptic disease. treatment and management of these patients are controversy. conventional treatment: the best treatment for h. pylori eradication regimens should have cure rates of at least 80%, be without major side effects, and indu...

cystic fibrosis (cf) is an inherited disease that primarily affects the lungs and the digestive system, however, it also affects a number of other organs and systems. more than 90% of mortality of  cf patients is due to lung complications.  healthy lungs are important for a long life for people with cf, we will discuss two important topics for maintaining respiratory health. chronic use of drug...

although food allergy is a major public health problem, currently there is no effective and safe treatment except to avoid the foods .but the need for new options is critical now as the number of children diagnosed with food allergies rises. avoiding the offending allergen in the diet is the primary treatment of food allergy. once a food to which the patient is sensitive has been identified, th...

food allergies are common health problem among children. they carry a significant risk of severe allergic reactions. these disorders are chronic conditions in which the immune system becomes hypersensitive to some food products. it is estimated that 8% of children under the age of three have a type of food allergy. the common allergenic foods include cow’s milk, wheat, peanuts, egg, soy and fis...

introduction: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) has become the most common cause of liver disease worldwide. it has been suggested that dietary composition plays a role in nafld pathogenesis; thus, changing dietary patterns may constitute a therapeutic resource even in the absence of weight reduction. the aim of this study was to identify the characteristic of suitable dietary pattern i...