Exophthalmia is characterized by a protrusion of the eyeball. The most frequent surgery consists in an osteotomy of the orbit walls to increase the orbital volume and to retrieve a normal eye position. Only a few clinical observations have estimated the relationship between the eyeball backward displacement and the decompressed fat tissue volume. This paper presents a method to determine the re...

Background: It is thought that apocrine gland carcinoma in the eyelid is rare and its prognosis is very poor. To achieve a curative treatment, we must remove the tumour with surrounding normal tissue, such as orbital contents or the skin of the face, in which case the loss of physiologic lacrimal function and facial cosmesis are serious concerns. Methods: A case presentation, treatment, and rev...

INTRODUCTION Bull horn injuries are severe lesions with a high risk of bacterial contamination, and are common in countries where people are fond of bullfighting and related spectacles. CASE REPORT A 19-year-old man was referred with a penetrating wound in the superior left eyelid produced by a bull horn and resulting in a fracture of the orbital roof and a fat hernia. Prophylactic antibiotic...

Prior to the primary treatment of the fracture, an ophthalmologic examination should be done routinely to verify visual acuity and check the possibility of intraocular or corneal injury. Obviously, if the patient is unconscious, the examination is limited. In the conscious patient, a delay of the operative procedure for a few days will allow the edema to subside and permit a more thorough exami...

The purpose of this article is to describe a technique for secondary reconstruction of traumatic orbital wall defects using titanium implants that act as three-dimensional (3D) puzzle pieces. We present three cases of large defect reconstruction using implants produced by Xilloc Medical B.V. (Maastricht, the Netherlands) with a 3D printer manufactured by LayerWise (3D Systems; Heverlee, Belgium...

The aim of this review is to familiarize the reader with the critical lower eyelid anatomy as is related to lower blepharoplasty or a midface lift. The contents include 1) the lacrimal canaliculus in the lower eyelid: the depth and width (diameter) of the vertical portion were 2.58±0.24 mm and 0.44±0.07 mm, respectively. A vertical portion of the canaliculus was about 1 mm (1.11±0.16 mm) deep, ...

A case is presented of a 70-year-old white male who underwent a bilateral cosmetic lower lid blepharoplasty with fat removal. He subsequently developed a right orbital haemorrhage which resulted in the occlusion of the central retinal artery. The patient had no light perception with his right eye for approximately 1 hour, but vision was eventually restored to 20/20 after emergency therapeutic m...

Using numerical calculations and analytic theory, we examine the convergence behavior of Gaussian expansions of several model orbitals. By following the approach of Kutzelnigg, we find that the errors in the energies of the optimal n-term even-tempered Gaussian expansions of s-type, p-type, and d-type exponential orbitals are εn s ∼ exp(−π(3n)), εn ∼ exp(−π(5n)), and εn ∼ exp(−π(7n)), respectiv...

This article reports the relief of severe causalgia of the right infra-orbital nerve by nerve section and re-location in a 14-year-old boy who had worsening neuropathic pain (NP) and was housebound and refractory to all analgesics for 14 months. His infra-orbital nerve was sectioned and re-located into his buccal fat pad. Severe steady burning, electric shock-like pain and allodynia disappeared...