In order to detect the gravitomagnetic clock effect by means of two counter-orbiting satellites placed on identical equatorial and circular orbits around the Earth with radius 7000 km their radial and azimuthal positions must be known with an accuracy of δr = 10−1 mm and δφ = 10−2 mas per revolution. In this work we investigate if the radial and azimuthal perturbations induced by the dynamical ...

• In the 1950s, Lincoln Laboratory developed the spread-spectrum Noise Modulation and Correlation (NOMAC) system for improved high-frequency radio communications. The production version of NOMAC, named the F9C, generated a pseudonoise (PN) sequence at the receiving terminal in synchronism with the PN modulation of the transmitted signal. The F9C achieved as much as 17 dB of jamming protection. ...

The first synoptic images from space were provided by TIROS spacecraft with a video camera onboard in 1960 (Susskind et al. 1984), these images revealed a huge spheroid fully covered by oceans and clouds. There was still a long way to travel from simply picturing Earth to the current technological achievements of remote sensing science. However, the main scientific purposes of using remote sens...

GEOScan is a grassroots effort, proposed as globally networked orbiting observation facility utilizing the main Iridium NEXT 66-satellite constellation. This will create a revolutionary new capability of massively dense, global geoscience observations and targets elusive questions that scientists have not previously been able to answer, and will not answer, until simultaneous global measurement...

Availability of remotely sensed multi-spectral images since the 1980's, which cover three decades of voluminous data could help researchers to study the changing dynamics of bio-physical characteristics of land and water. In this study, we introduce a new methodology to develop homogenised Lake Surface Water Temperature (LSWT) from multiple polar orbiting satellites. Precisely, we developed hom...

This study is based on measurements of trapped and precipitated electrons of energy >30 keV and >100 keV observed by polar orbiting environmental satellites during overpasses of the imaging riometer at Kilpisjärvi, Finland. The satellites are in sun-synchronous orbits of about 850 km altitude, recording the electron fluxes at 2-s time resolution. The riometer measures the radiowave absorption a...

Quantum communication (QC), namely, the faithful transmission of generic quantum states, is a key ingredient of quantum information science. Here we demonstrate QC with polarization encoding from space to ground by exploiting satellite corner cube retroreflectors as quantum transmitters in orbit and the Matera Laser Ranging Observatory of the Italian Space Agency in Matera, Italy, as a quantum ...

Magnetic field measurements play an important role in space weather and engineering applications of Earth-orbiting satellites, such as attitude determination, momentum management, and scientific instrument pointing. Unless built specifically for high accuracy magnetic measurements (an expensive process), satellites usually come with significant magnetic sources of errors that severely degrade t...