The lower Athabasca River watershed is one of the most important regions for Alberta and elsewhere due to fact that it counts for the third largest oil reserve in the world. In order to support the oil and gas extraction, Athabasca River provides most of the required water supply. Thus, it is critical to understand the characteristics of the river and its watershed in order to develop sustainab...

Spatio-temporal modelling is an area of increasing importance in which models and methods have often been developed to deal with specific applications. In this study, a spatio-temporal model was used to estimate daily rainfall data. Rainfall records from several weather stations, obtained from the Agritempo system for two climatic homogeneous zones, were used. Rainfall values obtained for two f...

Patterns of spatial heterogeneity in forests and other fire-prone ecosystems are increasingly recognized as critical for predicting fire behavior subsequent effects. Given the difficulty sampling continuous patterns across scales, statistical approaches common to scale from plot landscapes. This study compared performance four interpolation methods (SIM) mapping fine-scale fuel loads: classific...

Groundwater is a major drinking water resource in arid coastal regions. The groundwater quality of Bosaso city experienced degradation due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. This study was carried out delineate the spatial distribution parameters evaluate suitability for irrigation uses. samples were collected from Plain determine pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved soli...

for optimum planning, utilization, and management of lands, recognition of spatial variability of soil properties is necessary. this research was conducted to evaluate spatial variability of soil properties in 5000 ha of arsenjan plain in fars province. for this purpose, soil salinity, ph, particle size percentage, sodium, potassium, and organic carbon (oc) were measured on a systematic squared...

Diagnosis of soil salinity and characterizing its spatial variability both vertically and horizontally are needed to establish control measures in irrigated agriculture. In this regard, it is essential that salinity development in varying soil depths be known temporally and spatially. Apparent soil electrical conductivity, measured by electromagnetic induction instruments, has been widely used ...

coalbed methane (cbm) plays an important role in coal mining safety and natural gas production. in this work, the cbm potential of b2 seam in parvadeh iv coal deposit, in central iran, was evaluated using a combination of local regression and geostatistical methods. as there were 30 sparse methane sampling points in the parvadeh iv coal deposit, no valid variogram was achieved for the methane c...

Ionospheric delay effect is a critical issue that limits the accuracy of precise Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning and navigation for single-frequency users, especially in mid- and low-latitude regions where variations in the ionosphere are larger. Kriging spatial interpolation techniques have been recently introduced to model the spatial correlation and variability of ionos...

The spatial variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (STN) levels is important in both global carbon-nitrogen cycle and climate change research. There has been little research on the spatial distribution of SOC and STN at the watershed scale based on geographic information systems (GIS) and geostatistics. Ninety-seven soil samples taken at depths of 0-20 cm were collected dur...