The oldest reported occurrence of cryptospores supposed to derive from land plants (embryophytes) is currently considered be in the Middle Ordovician. two genera Virgatasporites and Attritasporites, described 1960ʹs Early Ordovician (Tremadocian) Algeria, are morphologically close miospores, therefore pose a dilemma, because these spore-like microfossils recorded before first appearance plant d...

The deep time (pre-Quaternary) glacial record is an important means to understand the growth, development, and recession of global cryosphere on very long timescales (10 6 –10 8 Myr). Sedimentological description interpretation outcrops has traditionally played role. Whilst such data remain vital, new insights are now possible thanks freely accessible aerial satellite imagery, widespread availa...

Abstract The proto-Alpine Cenerian orogen (Ediacaran-Ordovician) and the Cadomian (Ediacaran-Cambrian), remnants of which are exposed in central European Variscides, should be defined as two distinct spatially separated coastal orogens within Avalonian-Cadomian belt. originally lay front Sahara metacraton. It underwent a change from an active to passive margin setting during Cambrian. orogen, r...