The objective of this study was to evaluate abuse potential, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of intranasally administered, crushed reformulated OxyContin® (oxycodone HCl controlled-release) tablets (ORF), relative to crushed original OxyContin® (OC), oxycodone powder (Oxy API), and OC placebo. This randomized, double-blind, positive- and placebo-controlled crossover study enrolle...

Musty odor production by actinomycetes is usually related to the presence of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), which are synthesized enzymes encoded geoA tpc genes, respectively. Streptomyces spp. strain S10, was isolated from a water reservoir in Malaysia, has ability produce when cultivated basal salt (BS) solid medium, but no 2-MIB occurred during growth BS medium. Strain S10 could hig...

Internationally, teachers use oral reading fluency (ORF) measurements to monitor learning progress in and adapt instruction the individual needs of students. In ORF measures, child reads aloud single syllables, words, or short passages, teacher rates parallel at which items makes a mistake. Since administering paper-based requires increased effort on part teachers, computer-based test administr...

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) associated with HHV8 is one of the common connective tissue malignancies especially in immunocompromised patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the common HHV8 genotypes in hospitalized patients in Tehran, Iran. A total of 36 archival paraffin-embedded KS tissue samples of patients with common characterization of KS were collected between 1999 to 2010 from...

We show that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) infiltrating a kidney tumor recognize a peptide encoded by an alternative open reading frame (ORF) of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) gene. Remarkably, this alternative ORF, which is translated in many tumors concurrently with the major ORF, is also translated in some tissues that do not produce M-CSF, such as liver and kidney. Such a...

The herpesvirus saimiri open reading frame (ORF) 50 produces two transcripts. The first is spliced, contains a single intron, and is detected at early times during the productive cycle, whereas the second is expressed later and is produced from a promoter within the second exon. Analysis of their gene products has shown that they function as sequence specific transactivators. In this report, we...

Barn swallows Hirundo rustica often have characteristic feather holes on wing and tail feathers. During the past 15 yr, several influential papers have been based on the assumption that these holes were chewed by the louse Machaerilaemus malleus. We gathered feather-hole data from barn swallows and other passerines at 2 sites in Hungary and correlated the presence of holes with louse infestatio...

SpoU is encoded by the fourth open reading frame (ORF) of the spo operon of Escherichia coli (1). The 5'-terminal gene of this operon, gmk, encodes guanylate kinase; the second gene, rpoZ, encodes the w subunit of RNA polymerase; the third gene, spoT, encodes ppGpp hydrolase, and the 3'-terminal gene, recG, encodes a helicase-like protein involved in recombination (1 and references therein). Sp...

The >1 kb XL-exon of the rat XLalphas/Galphas gene encodes the 37 kDa XL-domain, the N-terminal half of the 78 kDa neuroendocrine-specific G-protein alpha-subunit XLalphas. Here, we describe a novel feature of the XL-exon, the presence of an alternative >1 kb open reading frame (ORF) that completely overlaps with the ORF encoding the XL-domain. The alternative ORF starts 32 nucleotides downstre...

The nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of barley yellow dwarf virus, PAV serotype was determined, except for the 5'-terminal base, and its genome organization deduced. The 5,677 nucleotide genome contains five large open reading frames (ORFs). The genes for the coat protein (1) and the putative viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase were identified. The latter shows a striking degree of similar...