This paper considers the attacker-defender game in the field of computer security as a three-dimensional phenomenon. The decomposition of the problem space into technological, human, and social factors enabled us to analyze the concentration of public research efforts by defenders. Our analysis suggests that over 94% of the public research in computer security has been concentrated on technolog...

This article examines applications of complexity theory within the behavioral and social sciences. Specific attention is given to the fundamental characteristics of complex adaptive systems (CAS)--such as individuals, groups, and societies-including the underlying structure of CAS, the internal dynamics of evolving CAS, and how CAS respond to their environment. Examples drawn from psychology, s...

A long-standing debate has taken place in the organizational sociology and social network literatures about the relative advantages of network closure versus structural holes in the generation of social capital. There is recent evidence that these advantages differ across cultures and between East Asia and the West in particular, but existing network models are unable to explain why or address ...

This article is based on an intensive case study, the implementation of a computerized reservation system (CRS) in a transport organization, and adopts a non-essentialist stance to analyze its failure aspects. Providing a rich description of micro-level, organizational,and macro-level events and techno-economic networks enabled us to depart from managerialist and technologist accounts of the fa...

This article seeks to develop a manifesto for a sociology concerned with the diverse mobilities of peoples, objects, images, information, and wastes; and of the complex interdependencies between, and social consequences of, such diverse mobilities. A number of key concepts relevant for such a sociology are elaborated: ‘gamekeeping’, networks,  uids, scapes,  ows, complexity and iteration. The...

new changes in job site which are caused by technical, technological, and also educational changes, has faced the sociologists and researchers of industrialized countries with this question that what is the modern form of organizational rationalism that can protect the enriched abilities of mankind? what characteristics it may have? where we would seek success? in centralized management or self...

There is much that is attractive about Michael Burawoy’s examination of the critical turn to a public sociology. I find plausible his account of the academic nature of 1970s radical sociology especially that mobilized notions such as Althusser’s “theoretical practice.” I also was cheered to read the account of the positive developments currently in train in the USA and especially with how socia...

We propose a synthesis of organization learning theory and organizational ecology. We argue that organizations learn in response to competition. This learning then intensifies the competition generated by each organization against its rivals, motivating rivals to learn, thereby becoming stronger competitors. In turn, this response increases the competitive pressure faced by each organization, a...

Open Innovation has become an important new paradigm to integrate external knowledge into innovation processes of organizations. The size of innovator networks resulting from this brings in new challenges in context with management of work units. The composition of teams overarching organizational fields or tasks may serve as a useful example for that. For this purpose IT support can be applied...