iii Preface Applied Mathematics: Body&Soul is a mathematics education reform program including a series of books, together with associated educational material and open source software freely available from the project web page at www.bodysoulmath.org. Body&Soul reflects the revolutionary new possibilities of mathematical modeling opened by the modern computer in the form of Computational Calcu...

The roots of cognitive science go as far back as those of philosophy. One way of defining cognitive science is to say that it is just naturalised philosophy. Much of contemporary thinking about the mind derives from René Descartes' distinction between the body and the soul. They were constituted of two different substances and it was only humans that had a soul and were capable of thinking. Acc...

In this paper we study the differences in historical World View between Western and Eastern cultures, represented through the English, the Chinese, Japanese, and German Wikipedia. In particular, we analyze the historical networks of the World’s leaders since the beginning of written history, comparing them in the different Wikipedias and assessing cultural chauvinism. We also identify the most ...

This article examines the teachings of several Christian and Sufi mystics on the position of reason in the spiritual life, from Al-Hallaj (d. 922) to David R. Hawkins (b. 1927). In the plethora of “maps,” “stages,” and “ladders” discussed by mystics, the level of reason is highly regarded as a “rung” of spiritual attainment. However, reason alone is not enough to transport the soul to the most ...

DISCUSSING PSYCHOANALYSTS, Ludwig Wittgenstein once quipped that "they have given up one way of thinking and adopted another." This diagnosis certainly applies to the authors of Irreducible Mind (henceforth IM), although reading through this 800-page volume makes it clear that they would take it as a compliment. The book is an ambitious work, as it explicitly purports to "justify and to some ex...