The non-medical use of prescription opiates, such as Vicodin(®) and MSContin(®), has increased dramatically over the past decade. Of particular concern is the rising popularity of these drugs in adolescent female populations. Use during this critical developmental period could have significant long-term consequences for both the female user as well as potential effects on her future offspring. ...

BACKGROUND Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a critical HIV prevention tool. Since 2007, sub-Saharan African countries with the highest prevalence of HIV have been mobilizing resources to make VMMC available. While implementers initially targeted adult men, demand has been highest for boys under age 18. It is important to understand how male adolescents can best be served by quality...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between 100-m front crawl swimming performance and relevant biomechanical, anthropometrical and physiological parameters in male adolescent swimmers. Twenty five male swimmers (mean ± SD: age 15. 2 ± 1.9 years; height 1.76 ± 0.09 m; body mass 63.3 ± 10.9 kg) performed an all-out 100-m front crawl swimming test in a 25-m pool. A respirat...

BACKGROUND Some orphan drugs can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars annually per patient. As a result, payer sensitivity to the cost of orphan drugs is rising, particularly in light of increased numbers of new launches in recent years. In this article, we examine payer coverage in the United States, England and Wales, and the Netherlands of outpatient orphan drugs approved between 1983 and 2...

Microsatellites are short tandem repeats of one to six bases in genomic DNA. As microsatellites are highly polymorphic and play a vital role in gene function and recombination, they are an attractive subject for research in evolution and in the genetics and breeding of animals and plants. Orphan genes have no known homologs in existing databases. Using bioinformatic computation and statistical ...

RESULT S We considered orphan drugs list defined by Cote and Keating (2012) that globally exceeded 1 billion $ sales in 2008 and compared same molecules’ availability in Slovakia. Several orphan drugs are among best selling 20 orphan drugs in Slovakia, with highest sale of 95 million EUR (Bevacizumab, 2005-2012) compared to lowest sale of 19 million EUR (Tacrolimus, 2005-2012). It took from one...

............................................................................................. 7 SVENSK SAMMANFATTNING ............................................................. 9 PAPERS INCLUDED IN THE THESIS ............................................... 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................... 13 ABBREVIATIONS ..................................

OBJECTIVE Based on Problem Based Theory, this study investigated a broad array of putative protective factors associated with psychopathological symptoms and prosodical behaviour. METHODS Participants were 140 orphan adolescent girls and boys living in foster care homes in Tehran, chosen with convenience sampling procedures. Using a cross-sectional design this study examined the individual an...

Despite advances in sequencing technology, there are still significant numbers of well-characterized enzymatic activities for which there are no known associated sequences. These 'orphan enzymes' represent glaring holes in our biological understanding, and it is a top priority to reunite them with their coding sequences. Here we report a methodology for resolving orphan enzymes through a combin...