Prolactin is an important regulator of multiple biological functions in vertebrates, and has been viewed as essential to ion uptake as well as reduction in ion and water permeability of osmoregulatory surfaces in freshwater and euryhaline fish. Prolactin-releasing peptide seems to stimulate prolactin expression in the pituitary and peripheral organs during freshwater adaptation. Growth hormone,...

SYNOPSIS. As the primary link between environmental change and physiological response, the neuroendocrine system is a critical part of osmoregulatory adaptations. Cortisol has been viewed as ‘the’ seawater-adapting hormone in fish and prolactin as ‘the’ fresh water adapting hormone. Recent evidence indicates that the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis is also important in seawater...

The second messenger cyclic GMP (cGMP) is a biological enigma. Chemically, it is very similar to cyclic AMP, a signalling molecule whose functions are well understood and well conserved throughout eukaryotes. The role of cGMP is much less clear, however, and varies remarkably between cell types. A recent report [1] reveals a novel and unexpected function for cGMP, in promoting resistance to osm...

Tritrichomonas foetus was shown to undergo a regulatory volume increase (RVI) when it was subjected to hyperosmotic challenge, but there was no regulatory volume decrease after hypoosmotic challenge, as determined by using both light-scattering methods and measurement of intracellular water space to monitor cell volume. An investigation of T. foetus intracellular amino acids revealed a pool siz...

acute hypersalinity stress limits osmoregulation in response to Opsanus beta in the intestinal lumen of 4 Concentration of MgSO You might find this additional info useful... ranging from molecules to humans, including clinical investigations. It is published 12 times a year (monthly) by the American illuminate normal or abnormal regulation and integration of physiological mechanisms at all leve...

Recent data suggest a possible involvement of Aquaporins (AQPs) in pain transmission. AQPs are small membrane channel proteins involved in osmoregulation and, to date, AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP8 and AQP9 have been found in the nervous system. Nevertheless only AQP1, AQP2 and AQP4 seem to be involved in nociception.In this review, direct and indirect evidences of the role of AQPs in pain...

Microanalytical techniques are used to show that organic molecules play an important role is osmoregulation. Changes in the inorganic ion composition of haemolymph from fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypt} are correlated with the changes in the concentration of organic ions. Free amino acids have a significant role in regulating haemolymph osmotic pressure with respect to the osmotic pressure ...