In this study, the reaction of Ottoman Empire to declaration independence Bulgaria, first ambassador in Mustafa Asım Bey and his activities are discussed. The study examines diplomatic against Bulgaria period between autonomy process process, recognition Bulgaria’s independence, relations established with biography Bey, Ambassador Sofia, approach problems two countries. article, documents from ...

The purpose of this study is to analyze the history and progress Ottoman Turks for Islamic World. Historically, founder kingdom was a Turkic nation from Oghuz tribe, whose name Ertugrul, he pioneer Empire who died in 1289 AD. Later, leadership continued by his son, Uthman. Uthman bin Ertugrul considered empire. There are nine phases, namely first second phases as pioneering founding Empire, thr...

abstract circassians are one of the ethnic groups in the south-west of the caucasus who speak circassian language which is one of the branches of the north-east caucasus languages (ebrian-caucasian). this ethnic branch includes the caucasian ethnic abkhaz-adygian group, which are nowadays divided in three republics in the north caucasus kabardino-balkaria, karachay-cherkessia and adygeya. by us...

In this study, the political relations between Atatürk Era, Turkish Grand National Assembly and Azerbaijan are analyzed. After collapse of Ottoman Empire in 1918, was established under leadership Great Leader Mustafa Kemal Pasha Atatürk. Historical developments Turkey historical importance study period brother country discussed depth. Soviet leader Neriman Nerimanov’s rational logical real poli...

Abstract:
 The present paper delves into the deep-seated conundrums about faith and secularist activities in Turkey that are prominently displayed Pamuk’s narrative. It also discusses Pamuk's depiction of dominant value system, moral norms religious standards modern Ottoman Empire. protagonist constantly find himself unpleasant perplexing circumstances due to ongoing battle define his iden...

The transformation of the Ottoman Empire into Turkish Republic was accompanied by change and continuities. newly founded early republics necessarily inherited relics from previous era were significantly affected economic social institutions that sculpted their personality mannerisms. This paper reveals connection between subjectivity late through four aspects: state traditions, bureaucracy, rol...

Popular historical films strive to capture the audience who create emotional bonds with past by providing experience they imagined. On other hand, worldviews and likes of audiences are not constant may undergo changes in parallel developments. shot anticipation box office bear imprint expectations majority target audience. The aim this article is explore transformation representations reasons f...

Turkish biologists have much to be worried about: the drift to Islamism is creeping ahead in the perception of many academics so the enthusiastic welcome for an American evolutionary biologist earlier this year provided a welcome fillip for university staff. Turkey represents a unique state: formed from the remnants of the centuries-old Ottoman empire in 1923, it was headed by Mustafa Kemal Ata...

The Kurds’ experience with modern mass violence is long and complex. Whereas Kurds lived under the Kurdish Emirates for centuries in pre-national conditions Ottoman Persian empires, advent of nationalism colonialism Middle East radically changed situation. World War I was a watershed most ethnic groups Empire, such as Kurds, some political minorities Armenians Assyrians suffered genocide – incl...

Introduction: Throughout the years, numerous factors have contributed to formation of city identity, urban fabric, and architecture. These include inspirations from various civilizations religious influences. Architecture is also determined by such physical constraints as climate, geography, availability specific materials. This article in particular addresses Turkey, a vast country with signif...