Is the bank holding company a vehicle that ought to be used for purposes of public policy to permit banking organizations to perform functions that ought not be performed by banks per se? Or is the bank holding company structure merely an entity with no social function an historical and political accident? The latter view seems to have pervailed in the deliberations of the Commission on Financi...

Discrepancies between people's ought selves and their actual selves and their ideal selves and actual selves predict the emotions that individuals experience. The authors predicted that internal versus external causal attributions for self-discrepancies should moderate the relationship between self-discrepancies and emotions, resulting in more refined predictions for both agitation- and dejecti...

In the standard thought experiments, dualism strikes many philosophers as true, including many non-dualists. This ‘striking’ generates prima facie justification: in the absence of defeaters, we ought to believe that things are as they seem to be, i.e. we ought to be dualists. In this paper, I examine several proposed undercutting defeaters for our dualist intuitions. I argue that each proposal ...

Recent guidelines from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) mandate the inclusion of adequate numbers of women in clinical trials. Ought such standards to apply internationally? Walzer's theory of justice is brought to bear on the problem, the first use of the theory in research ethics, and it argues for broad application of the principle of adequate representation. A number of practical ...

The thesis of this paper is that finite, noncooperative games possessing both complete and perfect information ought to be treated like one-player decision problems. That is, players ought to assign at every move subjective probabilities to every subsequent choice in the game and ought to make decisions via backward induction. This view is in contrast with the gametheoretic approach of Nash equ...

The "psychic tonus" model or PTM [1] of hemispheric specialization states that the left hemisphere is a psychic and behavioral activator and that the right hemisphere is an inhibitor. The PTM predicts that the tonus of visual representation ought to manifest hemispheric specialization in the occipital lobes. Specifically PTM predicts that pathological positive visual tonus (visual hallucination...

When scholars problematize is/ought inferences (IOI’s), they sometimes refer to Hume’s or Moore’s fallacy (e.g., Schneider, 2000; Schroyens, 2009; Elqayam and Evans, 2011). Although inferring “ought” from “is” can be problematic, we argue that, in the context of contemporary IOI’s in the cognitive sciences, invoking Hume or Moore might be misguided. This is because Hume’s and Moore’s arguments ...