This manuscript describes the 6 year evolution of our center's research into ovarian functions of the FMR1 gene, which led to the identification of a new normal CGGn range of 26-34. This "new" normal range, in turn, led to definitions of different alleles (haplotypes) based on whether no, one or both alleles are within range. Specific alleles then were demonstrated to represent distinct ovarian...

The ovary is the main regulator of female fertility. Changes in maternal health and physiology can disrupt intraovarian homoeostasis thereby compromising oocyte competence and fertility. Research has only recently devoted attention to the involvement of dicarbonyl stress in ovarian function. On this basis, the present review focuses on clinical and experimental research supporting the role of d...

8 The first study showed that older age at HSCT and total body irradiation and busulfan-based conditionings were risk factors for early ovarian aging. Leukemia survivors with previous cranial radiotherapy or transplanted after disease relapse were at high risk of premature ovarian failure. The second study showed a higher frequency of carotid and femoral arterial plaques, thickened intima layer...

World Health Organization (WHO) defines natural menopause as at least 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea not due to physiologic and pathologic causes. Statistics show that the mean age of natural menopause is 51 years in industrialized nations, compared to 48 years in poor and non-industrialized nations. With the average life span extended to 70 years, most women will spend more than one third...

failure to respond adequately to standard protocols and to recruit adequate follicles is called ‘poor response’. this results in decreased oocyte production, cycle cancellation and, overall, is associated with a significantly diminished probability of pregnancy. it has been shown that ovarian reserve tests, such as basal fsh, antimullarian hormone (amh), inhibin b, basal estradiol, antral folli...

BACKGROUND The insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (Pi3k), protein kinase B (Akt1), Forkhead Box O3a (FOXO3a) pathway is directly involved in aging and ovarian activation of follicle growth. Therefore, the aim of this work was to measure the expression of genes related to the ovarian pathway for activation of primordial follicles and FOXO3a protein phosphorylation bet...

the premature and age-induced ovarian failure are associated with significant medical and quality of life complications. Moreover, millions of children and adults suffer from iatrogenically-induced premature gonadal failure as a result of chemotherapy treatments. In the case of chemotherapy, commonly used cancer drugs such as doxorubicin or cyclophosphamide result in apoptotic death of primordi...

background: ovarian fibroma is the most common benign solid tumor of the ovary, which is often difficult to diagnose preoperatively. the choice treatment for ovarian fibroma is surgical removal, but discussions for the operative approach, laparoscopic or open, in the literature seem to be scant. case presentation: we presented a unique clinical experience of laparoscopic approach to a case of 1...

After becoming competent for resuming meiosis, fully developed mammalian oocytes are maintained arrested in prophase I until ovulation is triggered by the luteotropin surge. Meiotic pause has been shown to depend critically on maintenance of cAMP level in the oocyte and was recently attributed to the constitutive Gs (the heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein that activates adenylyl cyclase) signal...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on the steroid production (progesterone [P] and estradiol [E2]) by cultured human granulosa cells (GCs) during aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human ovarian GCs and granulosa-luteal cells (GLCs) were isolated from ovaries of female patients (young and premenopausal) undergoing surgery for non-ovarian benign gynecological conditio...