A new species of the Aphelinoidea Girault (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), A. (Aphelinoidea) sariq Triapitsyn & Rakitov sp. n., is described from Uzbekistan. Both sexes were reared from eggs of the only known truly gall-making leafhopper, Scenergates viridis (Vilbaste), laid inside its galls on camelthorn, Alhagi maurorum Medikus; additional females were found dead inside the galls. Aphelinoid...

Crown gall tumors collected from naturally infected plants of 7 grapevine varieties were analysed for the presence of opines. Eighty-five of the tested 90 samples contained known Agrobacterium vitis-induced opines. Octopine was the most common, it was found in 50 samples. Twentyeight crown galls contained nopaline and 8 were vitopine positive. There was only one tumor that contained two opines,...

The saddle gall midge, Haplodiplosis marginata (von Roser) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a phytophagous species that develops in saddle-shaped galls on stems of wheat Triticum vulgare, barley Hordeum sativum, rye Secale cereale, and some other species of Poaceae. Only one generation develops per year. Full-grown larvae leave galls and drop onto the soil where they remain up to the springtime of ...

Collection data and biological information is presented on the Fergusobia (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae)/ Fergusonina (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) mutualism inducing galls on Angophora in Australia. Three species and two morphospecies have been recognised. Fergusobia colbrani Davies n. sp. is described from soft spheroid leaf galls on Angophora floribunda. It is characterised by a combination of morph...

Plants draw from various genetically controlled defenses to protect against herbivores and pathogens. The efficacy of alternative can vary with the biology phylogeny enemy. Dryocosmus kuriphilus , an invasive gall maker native China, has become one main pests chestnut trees around world. We studied genetic variation in resistance susceptibility D. within a replicated blocked planting 12 genotyp...

objective(s): the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of quercus brantii galls extract on the rat skin burn wound healing. materials and methods: ethanol extract of the galls of q. brantii was used to treat the induced burn wounds on the back of 32 wistar rats divided into 4 groups. the groups were treated by placebo, 1%, 2% and 4% concentration gall extract gels for 14 days and...

Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini) are characterized by possession of complex cyclically parthenogenetic life cycles and the ability to induce a wide diversity of highly complex species- and generation-specific galls on oaks and other Fagaceae. The galls support species-rich, closed communities of inquilines and parasitoids that have become a model system in community ecology. We...

The galls of the Quercus infectoria (QI) tree are traditionally believed to have great medicinal value. Pharmacologically the galls are claimed to have various biological activities such as astringent effect, antidiabetic, antitremorine, local anaesthetic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and many more. These pharmacological activities of gall extracts were reported to b...

The interactions of Meloidogyne javanica, Rotylenchulus reniformis, and Rhizobium sp. on cowpea seedlings were investigated. Upon simultaneous inoculation with the two nematode species, M. javanica invaded first but did not affect root invasion by R. reniformis. M. javanica populations increased less in competition with R. reniformis than when present alone. Preinvasion by R. renilormis signifi...

Foraging, defense and waste disposal are essential for sustaining social insect colonies. Hence, their nest generally has an open structure, wherein specialized castes called workers and soldiers perform these tasks. However, some social aphids form completely closed galls, wherein hundreds to thousands of insects grow and reproduce for several months in isolation. Why these social aphids are n...