OBJECTIVE To assess the associations between childhood and adulthood social class and insulin resistance. DESIGN Cross sectional survey. SETTING 23 towns across England, Scotland, and Wales. PARTICIPANTS 4286 women aged 60-79 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Insulin resistance and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. RESULTS Belonging to manual social classes in childhood and in adu...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between childhood social class and the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 4009 subjects representative of the Spanish non-institutionalized population aged >or =60 years, for whom information was available on father's occupation. We estimated the prevalence of hypertension, obesity, diabetes melli...

According to sociometer theory, self-esteem is an internal monitor of positive social bonds to others. Social exclusion can break or threaten social bonds, which might be reflected by the brain structure of social exclusion regions. Thus, self-esteem might be influenced by structurally individual differences in these regions. It has been suggested that self-esteem can be divided into personal (...

OBJECTIVE To test whether self-efficacy for overcoming barriers to physical activity has direct, indirect (i.e., mediated), or moderating relations with naturally occurring change in perceived social support and declines in physical activity during high school. METHODS Latent growth modeling was used with measures completed in the 8th, 9th, and 12th grades by a cohort of 195 Black and White g...

This article contributes to the debates on migrant social protection assemblages by assessing enabling factors that provide migrants with opportunities organise their in changing environments. In-depth interviews who use services from several organisations (MOs) were conducted study largely neglected roles practices. Our findings indicate MOs are important actors field of protection, as they of...

The present paper extends social capital theory by exploring the creation of social capital in a highly innovative, yet under-researched organizational form: online communities. It is shown that social capital development has thus far not been sufficiently theorized and research on how social capital may be created in online communities is missing altogether. Attempting to fill this gap, I draw...

3D Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs) have promising potential for supporting socializing and learning in a university context because of their capability to provide a social arena where students and teachers can meet overcoming the barriers of the physical world [10]. In addition, the virtual space provides a dynamic and flexible environment where learners, especially distributed ones, ...

This research studies the ration of social participation among the youth aged 18-29 in Bam after the disastrous earthquake in December 2003 and its effective factors. In this paper, the youth more than 400 people were asked directly with an Interview and a Questionnaire in Bam (South of Iran). Theories like modernization school adopted by learner, Ingelhart, Hantington, Lipst, Almound, Powel, R...

The objective of the studies presented in this paper was to examine whether the need to belong can be used to enhance exercise cognitions and behavior. Two studies examined the effectiveness of framing exercise as a means of boosting social skills (versus health benefits) for self-regulatory efficacy, exercise intentions, and (in Study 2) exercise behavior. In Study 1, inactive adults primed to...

The present study employs social cognitive theory (SCT) and social capital as the guiding frameworks to explain online interaction quality among learners in a blended learning program (N=179). Capturing performance expectancy by perceived learning benefits and online interaction quality with nuanced cognitive measures, the study aims to validate how the SCT and social capital, which are mostly ...