The single-phase-to-ground (SPG) fault at the valve side of converter transformer is one most critical faults threatening operation bipolar half-bridge modular-multilevel-converter-based multi-terminal direct-current (HB-MMC MTDC) systems. Following a valve-side SPG fault, upper-arm submodule (SM) capacitors in faulty may suffer serious overvoltage, and grid-side currents experience no zero-cro...

In this paper, a novel DC bus voltage control strategy of the traction system is proposed for overhead line and energy storage device (ESD) hybrid railway vehicles. This realizes increase regenerative brake reduction consumed in powering by boosting motor voltage. When boost applied, separated from breaker, which generally equipped. paper proposes considering both breaker operation management o...

The full-bridge submodules (FB-SMs) in hybrid modular multilevel converters need to absorb the enormous energy stored dc side and arm inductors during fault blocking, which may lead severe overvoltage. An energy-absorbing branch (EAB) composed of metal oxide varistor (MOV) thyristors is proposed this letter. No extra power loss produced by EAB normal operation. can a part reduce absorbed FB-SMs...

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) in high-voltage dc applications usually adopt a distributed control architecture to manage large number of submodules (SMs) through communication network. The congestion and network disconnection might lead interruption (CI) eventually cause the system malfunction. In this article, resilient operation strategy is proposed studied ride-through CI fault, order...

Incorrect adjustment of railway traffic control devices (rtc) to the specificity area in terms lightning density may result their damage by lightning-caused electromagnetic pulses. An associated risk assessment, as standard analyses strength rtc devices, should be made. However, manufacturers typically do not perform tests with respect such high overvoltage conditions. Particularly case EN 6230...