Aerobic activity levels increase with body temperature across vertebrates. Differences in these levels, from highly active to sedentary, are reflected in their ecology and behavior. Yet, the changes in the cardiovascular system that allow for greater oxygen supply at higher temperatures, and thus greater aerobic activity, remain unclear. Here we show that the total volume of red blood cells in ...

We suggest that varicocele leads to male factor infertility by a mechanism involving underperfusion of the testis, a shortfall in glucose supply to the tissue, decreased flux through the pentose phosphate pathway, lowering of the reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate/oxidized nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate ratio and the supply of glutathione to the antioxidant systems...

Myocardial ischemia results from an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. After coronary occlusion, oxygen supply and demand mismatch produces a series of physiological alterations that can precede clinical symptoms (1). Impaired myocardial perfusion is an early event in the “ischemic cascade” that can be assessed using clinically available noninvasive imaging. Both extent and severity of...

The expansion of OMZs (oxygen minimum zones) due to climate change and their possible evolution and impacts on the ecosystems and the atmosphere are still debated, mostly because of the unability of global climate models to adequatly reproduce the processes governing OMZs. In this study, we examine the factors controlling the oxygen budget, i.e. the equilibrium between oxygen sources and sinks ...

For the successful operation of aerobic fermentations it is essential to supply the microorganiisms with sufficient oxygen to meet their requirements at any stage in the process. Failure to supply enough oxygen may lead to undesirable changes in enzymatic makeup (Rolinson, 1952) or death of the organisms (Hromatka et al., 1951), with a subsequent lower yield of the desired product. In general, ...

We investigated intestinal oxygen supply and mucosal tissue PO2 during administration of increasing dosages of continuously infused arginine vasopressin (AVP) in an autoperfused, innervated jejunal segments in anesthetized pigs. Mucosal tissue PO2 was measured by employing two Clark-type surface oxygen electrodes. Oxygen saturation of jejunal microvascular hemoglobin was determined by tissue re...

Oxygen diffusing biomaterials provide a controlled release of oxygen while minimizing moisture loss, which is a major complication in the application of topical oxygen to wounds. We have devised an oxygen releasing biomaterial using a combination of sodium percarbonate (SPO), calcium peroxide (CPO), and polycaprolacetone (PCL) to supply a quick diffusion of oxygen delivery to hypoxic cells. Res...

For the successful operation of aerobic fermentations it is essential to supply the microorganiisms with sufficient oxygen to meet their requirements at any stage in the process. Failure to supply enough oxygen may lead to undesirable changes in enzymatic makeup (Rolinson, 1952) or death of the organisms (Hromatka et al., 1951), with a subsequent lower yield of the desired product. In general, ...

Oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine desaturase (FAD2) is a key enzyme involved in fatty acid desaturation in oilseeds, which is affected by environmental temperature. The results of this study show that FAD2 is regulated in vivo via temperature-dependent endogenous oxygen concentrations in developing sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds. By combining in vivo oxygen profiling, in situ hybridization of ...

With increasing interest in reducing the cost of oxygen therapy, we recently designed an oxygen-conserving cannula. It reduces the oxygen supply flow necessary to achieve adequate oxygen saturation, but because it requires the use of a reservoir situated under the nose, some patients find it obtrusive. We therefore designed a similar system but displaced the reservoir away from the face and ont...