Abstract A Lagrangian formalism for variational second-order delay ordinary differential equations (DODEs) is developed. The Noether operator identity a DODE established, which relates the invariance of function with appropriate and conserved quantities. used to formulate Noether-type theorems that give first integrals symmetries. Relations between DODEs functions are also analyzed. Several exa...

Small-angle neutron scattering measurements were performed on two very different proteins unfolded by guanidinium chloride. It is shown that the neutron spectra given by unfolded phosphoglycerate kinase and p-casein are similar to those of excluded volume homopolymer chains. INTRODUCTION A functional native protein generally adopts a specific three-dimensional structure that is determined by it...

Remorins play vital roles in signal transduction, energy transformation, ion flow and transport in plants. Upregulation of remorins correlates with dehiscence and cell maturation; however, no studies have been performed to elucidate the function of remorins in tree species. In this study, a Populus deltoides (Marsh.) plasma membrane-binding protein remorin gene (PdREM) was cloned and characteri...