The goal of this study was to develop a hybrid mental speller that can effectively prevent unexpected typing errors in the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based mental speller by simultaneously using the information of eye-gaze direction detected by a low-cost webcam without calibration. In the implemented hybrid mental speller, a character corresponding to the strongest SSVEP resp...

ABSTRACT Introduction: Several differences in the P300 component are observed when responses must be executed or inhibited in the Go/Nogo task. However, few studies were established by using well-controlled task with respect to the preparatory processing and stimulus probability. In the present study, we examined the peak amplitude and latency of Go-P300 (P300 evoked by visual Go stimuli) and N...

background and aim: auditory p300 is an event-related potential. cognitive factors like attention are involved in the generation of p300. it seems that normative variation of p300 is necessary for clinical purposes. thus, the current study was designed to establish preliminary normative variation of p300 amplitude and latency at fz and cz sites in adults. methods: this cross-sectional study was...

abstract introduction: several differences in the p300 component are observed when responses must be executed or inhibited in the go/nogo task. however, few studies were established by using well-controlled task with respect to the preparatory processing and stimulus probability. in the present study, we examined the peak amplitude and latency of go-p300 (p300 evoked by visual go stimuli) and n...

An EEG-based brain–computer system can be used to control external devices such as computers, wheelchairs or Virtual Environments. One of the most important applications is a spelling device to aid severely disabled individuals with communication, for example people disabled by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). P300-based BCI systems are optimal for spelling characters with high speed and ac...

The past 20 years have witnessed unprecedented progress in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, low communication rates remain key obstacles to BCI-based communication in humans. This study presents an electroencephalogram-based BCI speller that can achieve information transfer rates (ITRs) up to 5.32 bits per second, the highest ITRs reported in BCI spellers using either noninvasive or i...

There is evidence that conventional visual brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) based on event-related potentials cannot be operated efficiently when eye movements are not allowed. To overcome this limitation, the aim of this study was to develop a visual speller that does not require eye movements. Three different variants of a two-stage visual speller based on covert spatial attention and non-spa...

Eye typing provides a means of communication that is useful for people with disabilities which prevent using their hands for text entry. In this paper, we describe the development of the prototype gaze-controlled speller and discuss its experimental evaluation. Using scrollable virtual keyboard interface, the text input speed of 1.2 wpm was achieved. Keywords—gaze tracking; gaze writing; eye ty...