Introducing the problem of managing a buffer of bounded space, where arriving packets have dependencies among them. Multimedia applications require transmission of streaming video from a server to a client across an internetwork. In many cases loss may be unavoidable due to congestion or heterogeneous nature of the network. In this paper considered online policies for selective frame discard an...

While there is an increasing demand for streaming video applications on the Internet, various network characteristics make the deployment of these applications more challenging than traditional TCP-based applications like email and the Web. Packet loss can be detrimental to compressed video with interdependent frames because errors potentially propagate across many frames. While latency require...

Voice over Internet Protocol is a technology of transmitting voice on the Internet. Human voice is digitized, encoded, and transmitted on the Internet in the form of voice packets. These packets are received at the other end, decoded and converted back to analog signal. Loss and delay of voice packets result in the degradation of voice quality, since voice is a real-time application. Consecutiv...

1 Motivation and Introduction Real-time multimedia applications communicating over a packet-switched network present new challenges to the current networking technology. One of them is Quality of Service (QoS) requirement. Unlike some other network applications such as email and le transfer, which only require best-eeort service at the network layer, multimedia applications such as video-on-dem...

Loss avoidance has long been central to the Internet architecture. Ordinarily, dropped packets represent wasted resources. In this paper, we study whether the benefits of a network architecture that embraces—rather than avoids— widespread packet loss outweigh the potential loss in efficiency. We propose an alternative approach to Internet congestion control called decongestion control. In a dep...

Voice-over-IP (VoIP), the transmission of packetized voice over IP networks, is gaining much attention as a possible alternative to conventional public switched telephone networks (PSTN). However, impairments present on IP networks, namely jitter, delay and channel errors can lead to the loss of packets at the receiving end. This packet loss degrades the speech quality. Model-based speech coder...

Due to the overall growing demand on the network resources and tight restrictions on the power consumption, the requirements to the long-term scalability, cost and performance capabilities appear together with the deployment of novel switching architectures. The load-balancing switch proposed in [1,2] satisfies to the above requirements due to a simple distributed control and good performance c...

This paper surveys packet loss in Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP). The voice quality is affected by many network impairments. IP networks are on a steep slope of innovation that will make them the long term carrier of all types of traffic, including voice. Such networks are not designed to support real time voice communication because of their variable characteristics. The conversational qu...

Recognizing speech transmitted over mobile or computer networks poses new challenges such as packet loss in transmission. Viterbi algorithm, the most common speech recognition approach, searches for the most likely state sequence that explains all observation. However, because it implicitly sums the log observation probabilities, the resulting solution is sensitive to outlier frames. In this pa...

Duty-cycle MAC protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to reduce the energy consumed by idle listening, but they introduce significant end-to-end delivery latency. Several works have attempted to mitigate this latency, but they still have a problem on handling the packet loss. The quality of the wireless channel in WSNs is quite bad, so packets are frequently lost. In t...