In many countries, information and communication technology (ICT) has a lucid impact on the development of educational curriculum. This is the era of Information Communication Technology, so to perk up educational planning it is indispensable to implement the ICT in Education sector. Student can perform well throughout the usage of ICT. ICT helps the students to augment their knowledge skills a...

The main objective of this study was to identify the socio-economic factors affecting the hepatitis C and to investigate the awareness of the individuals about the ways of transmission of HCV in Pakistan where about 10 million people are affected with hepatitis C, with high rate of mortality (1). In Pakistan, the prevalence of HCV is 4-6% (2) while in another study, it is about 5-8% (3). Data o...

J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 88, E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 93, E-Suppl. 1/Poult. Sci. Vol. 89, E-Suppl. 1 589 Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting the prevalence of mastitis in dromedary camels. S. Ahmad*1,2, M. Yaqoob1,2, M. Q. Bilal1,2, G. Muhammad1,3, A. Iqbal1,2, and M. K. Khan1,3, 1university of Agriculture, Faisalabad-Pakistan, 2University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-Pakistan, Department of...

This work presents our first steps in developing a Global Real-time Infectious Disease Surveillance System (GRIDDS) employing robust and novel infectious disease epidemiology models with real-time inference and pre/exercise planning capabilities for Lahore, Pakistan. The objective of this work is to address the infectious disease surveillance challenges (specific to developing countries such as...

A significant increase of malaria cases imported to Germany from Pakistan was observed in 2012. As of 14 November, Pakistan was the country of infection in 32 out of 434 malaria cases in 2012, compared to zero to eight annual malaria cases (out of over 500 cases) in previous years. Physicians and public health authorities should consider malaria in febrile patients returning or migrating from P...

To the Editor: Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are frequently reported in earthquakes.1-3 Pakistan is among 9 countries that account for more than 80% of earthquake-related injuries.4 An earthquake on October 8, 2005, in Kashmir, Pakistan, left more than 73,000 persons dead. This earthquake resulted in an estimated 650 to 750 SCIs.5 Management of SCI victims offered challenges such as saturation of...

To evaluate compliance with current World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for postexposure treatment (PET) of rabies, we interviewed all animal bite victims seeking treatment on the same day of each week from 28 December 1994 through 18 January 1995 at the Civil Hospital of Karachi (Pakistan), a major referral center. Of the 143 patients studied, 109 (76%) sustained bleeding transdermal bi...

This paper aims to analyze national policies of Pakistan taking into account the complexity electric power generation, growth, and complying with multilateral agreements. Systems thinking has been applied understand energy scenario by representing it a causal loop diagram (CLD) which displays interconnectedness feedbacks system. Analysis is based on systems archetypes diagnose system behavior, ...

Geographical sero-prevalence of Anaplasma marginale (T) in sheep, Ovis aries (L) was done from January-May, 2012 in district Peshawar which is a crowded area of Pakistan. In this area sheep’s infection with A. marginale is not reported before. For this purpose, 376 serum samples were obtained conveniently from 4 different breeds of sheep, from different geographical areas of Peshawar. An indire...