Recent archaeological field work in Tacna (Peru) has investigated the long-term landscape history of Sama Valley. Located between research hotspots Moquegua and Arica, valley long been overlooked. At same time, it is well positioned to offer new insights into debates about mobility, environment, transforming political economies Late Prehispanic historic periods. This article presents an initial...

Stromatolites, laminated columnar and branched structures of limestone and dolomite, are the only macroscopic evidence of life for the first few billion years of earth history. These organo-sedimentary structures are a prominent constituent of Precambrian carbonate successions and occur sporadically throughout the Phanerozoic. They are hosts for metallic ores and serve as reservoir rocks for hy...

Palimpsests are large, circular, low-relief impact scars on Ganymede and Callisto. These structures were poorly understood based on Voyager-era analysis, but high-resolution Galileo images allow more detailed inspection. We analyze images of four Ganymedean palimpsests targeted by Galileo: Memphis and Buto Faculae, Epigeus, and Zakar. Ganymedean craters and Europan ring structures are used as t...

The skull is a developmentally complex and highly integrated structure. Integration, which is manifested as covariance among structures, enables the skull and associated soft tissues to maintain function both across ontogeny within individuals and across the ranges of size and shape variation among individuals. Integration also contributes to evolvability by structuring the phenotypic expressio...

The crisis in South African schooling is not new. It predates the achievement of democracy in 1994 and has been an ongoing refrain in public discourse since 1994. What is new is the emerging consensus on its dimensions and causes. Since the 1990s, both the government and donors have invested substantial resources in understanding what exactly the problems may be. The government has not been slo...