We present here a case of bronchial obstruction secondary to late paradoxical reactive enlargement and erosion by mediastinal lymph nodes into the left main bronchus in a 26-year-old woman with tuberculosis lymphadenitis. Bronchial obstruction due to paradoxical reactions, especially in the late phase of treatment, has not been described in adults before.

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is detected frequently by transesophageal echocardiography. The diagnosis of paradoxical embolism is usually presumptive when arterial emboli occur in the appropriate clinical setting. Presumably, paradoxical embolism of small thrombi arise in the venous system and pass through the PFO during a transient right-to-left shunt; however, cases demonstrating a thrombus t...

Deep vein thrombosis is a frequent complication following total joint arthroplasty and other major orthopedic procedures. Pulmonary embolism occurs with or without a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis, although infrequently (1.5%-10%). In patients with congenital cardiac defects, such as a patent foramen ovale, paradoxical cerebral embolism may also occur. This article describes a case of a 52-y...

Paradoxical growth of some Candida albicans isolates in the presence of caspofungin (CAS) in vitro has been demonstrated previously. We sought to determine whether a similar phenomenon occurred in vivo. A systemic model of candidiasis was studied in CD-1 mice by intravenous inoculation of different isolates of C. albicans. Infected animals were treated with CAS at various dosages (0.01 to 20 mg...