examination of faecal samples of 6,430 school children aged between 2 and 20 years, for gastrointestinal parasites using sedimentation and kato smear techniques was carried out in benin city, nigeria between january 1997 and december 1998. four thousand two hundred and thirty six (65.8%) were infected. three species of protozoa and 8 species of helminths were recorded as follows: entamoeba hist...

background: knowledge about the amphistomid fauna in iranian domestic ruminants depends on the studies conducted almost 30 years ago. the last situation in cattle is introduced here in the provinces in south coast of caspian sea. methods: amphistomid species were collected from cattle at slaughter houses of the provinces gilan and mazanderan in 2010. median sagittal sections were prepared by th...

background: helicobacter pylori is a common cause of chronic infection in human beings. the infection has universal prevalence and contracts all age groups. probably, these bacteria are the cause of the most common chronic bacterial infection in man and have infected approximately half of the world population. the urease of these bacteria degrades the urea in stomach’s mucosa to ammoniac which ...

The introduction of the Quadrilateral Area Coordinate (QAC) membrane elements has generated more heat than light on the subject of why distorted membrane elements perform very poorly. The canonical guidelines for construction of robust elements are continuity and completeness. It is known that isoparametric (or parametric) quadrilateral membrane elements satisfy the continuity requirements alwa...

Virtually all genomes contain transposable elements. In some organisms, especially plants, transposable elements or sequences derived from them can exceed 50 % of genomic DNA. Some people believe that these elements are simply parasitic entities that flourish because they can out-replicate their host, the genome of which provides numerous safe havens both within and between genes [1]. According...

Background: Green iguana (Iguana iguana) is one of the newly imported exotic pets which has been observed with increasing regularity in veterinary clinics in Iran. Despite their popularity, information about their diseases is scarce. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the pathogenic agents in green iguanas with skin disorders. METHODS: The animals were brought to Small Animal Hospi...

Microstrip patch antennas are intrinsically narrow bandwidth devices, i.e. less than 10 %. Special techniques are always applied in order to increase their bandwidths. These include complicated wideband balun impedance transformers and parasitic elements. Abdelaziz reported a 10 GHz dual-element microstrip patch antenna design which was printed on a 1.6 mm thick Duriod substrate [1]. The two el...

RNA silencing is a defense system against "genomic parasites" such as transposable elements (TE), which are potentially harmful to host genomes. In plants, transcripts from TEs induce production of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) and are processed into small RNAs (small interfering RNAs, siRNAs) that suppress TEs by RNA-directed DNA methylation. Thus, the majority of TEs are epigenetically silenc...

Figure 1-1 Transformer Equivalent Circuit Introduction Experienced SwitchMode Power Supply designers know that SMPS success or failure depends heavily on the proper design and implementation of the magnetic components. Parasitic elements inherent in high frequency transformers or inductors cause a variety of circuit problems including: high losses, high voltage spikes necessitating snubbers or ...

R2 non-LTR retrotransposons exclusively insert into the 28S rRNA genes of their host, and are expressed by co-transcription with the rDNA unit. The grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans contains transcribed rDNA clusters on most of its A chromosomes, as well as non-transcribed rDNA clusters on the parasitic B chromosomes found in many populations. Here the structure of the E. plorans R2 element, it...