animals that can estimate their desirable habitat quality are better able to accordingly adapt their life behaviors. the life cycles of parasitoids are so closely adapted as to match their hosts life behavior. among the various host-parasitoid interactions, a peculiarity is the seasonal synchrony between host and parasitoid activity. the foraging and oviposition behaviors of lysiphlebus fabarum...

BACKGROUND The genus Phytodietus Gravenhorst, 1829 is a species rich group of ichneumonid parasitoid wasps. It is represented in all zoogeographical regions, but knowledge of Phytodietus species in the Oriental region is patchy and restricted to some countries. NEW INFORMATION Here the genus Phytodietus is recorded from Thailand for the first time based on three species. Diagnosis and illustr...

Axima Walker is a small genus of Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) exclusive to the Western Hemisphere. Some species are distinctive in having stalked eyes and Axima sidi, sp. n. is described as the third stalk-eyed species based on a single female from Colombia. A key to facilitate species identification of stalk-eyed Axima is included. The only species of Axima for which host biology is...

during the study of parasitoids of leafminer flies, some parasitoid wasps belonging to the family eulophidae, including cirrospilus variegatus (masi), diglyphus isaea (walker) and hemiptarsenus zilahisebessi erdã¶s were collected and identified, of which c. variegatus is a new report for iran. the latter species was reared from liriomyza sativa blanchard (diptera: agromyzidae) on cucumber in th...

nephus (bipunctatus) bipunctatus (kugelann) is a predator of peliococcus kimmericus (kiritshenko) (hem.: pseudococcidae) on lactuca serriola l. in different parts of the fars province, iran. some parasitized larvae of this predaceous ladybird were collected, and two parasitoid wasps, homalotylus flaminius (dalman) and h. sinensis xu & he (hym.: encyrtidae), reared from these larvae in the labor...

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda , is a serious invasive pest in Africa but “Push-Pull” companion cropping can substantially reduce infestation. Here, we elucidate the underpinning chemical ecology mechanisms. We hypothesized that crop volatiles repel herbivores (push) while attracting natural enemies (pull). Headspace collected from plants ( Desmodium intortum, uncinatum Brachiaria Mulato ...

The sequencing of three Nasonia genomes provides new insights on the molecular signature associated with parasitoid lifestyle, allows comparison with the social honey bee, and enables the identification of genes underlying between-species and sex-specific differences.

Augmentative releases of parasitoid wasps are often used successfully for biological control of fruit flies in programs worldwide. The development of cheaper and more effective augmentative releases of the parasitoid wasp Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) may allow its use to be expanded to cover Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae),...

1. Polyembryonic wasps provide dramatic examples of intra-specific developmental conflict. In these parasitoids, each egg proliferates into a clonal lineage of genetically identical larvae. If more than one egg is laid in a host (superparasitism), individuals of different clones may compete for food resources. 2. In the polyembryonic encyrtid Copidosoma koehleri , one larva per clone can differ...

The existence of spiteful behaviors remains controversial. Spiteful behaviors are those that are harmful to both the actor and the recipient, and they represent one of the four fundamental types of social behavior (alongside selfishness, altruism, and mutual benefit). It has generally been assumed that the conditions required for spite to evolve are too restrictive, and so spite is unlikely to ...