We report a case of retinal artery occlusion in a young adult in early pregnancy found to have a patent foramen ovale as the source of the embolism. This report suggests the importance of early cardiac investigation in such individuals.

Background and Purpose—Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of a patent foramen ovale in adults. In children, acoustic windows on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) are better than in adults; thus, an invasive TEE may not be necessary. Our goal was to assess the validity of TTE with agitated saline injection for the diagnosis of a patent foramen ovale ...

Many, if not most, commercially available diabetes treatment products are protected by some form of intellectual property. This article discusses the development and commercialization of products in view of the state of intellectual property for the diabetes treatment market, with respect to possible discouragement, for some, from seeking patent protection or commercializing a new product under...

A36-year-old woman with a 3-week history of shortness of breath was admitted to the hospital after having suffered syncope. She also complained of left-sided leg pain. Duplex ultrasound revealed a right-sided proximal deep venous thrombosis and an occluded left popliteal artery. Echocardiography demonstrated a dilated right ventricle and tricuspid regurgitation with an estimated pulmonary systo...

The term, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS), initially proposed by Noonan and Nadas,8 describes a diminutive left ventricle with underdevelopment of mitral and aortic valves. A patent foramen ovale or an atrial septal defect is usually present. The ventricular septum is usually intact. A large patent ductus arteriosus supplies blood to the systemic circulation. Coarctation of the aorta is ...

Migraine is a heterogeneous primary headache disorder.1 Migraine prevalence in the general population of the United States is 28 million people (13%) and results in significant costs to the healthcare system.2 Aura consists of 1 or more focal neurological symptoms, such as visual, sensory, or speech disturbances,1 and is present in 30% of migraineurs.3 Cortical spreading depression (CSD), a neu...

We describe a rare case of acute myocardial infarction secondary to paradoxical embolism complicating acute pulmonary embolism. A 44-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with chest pain. The physical examination was unremarkable except for oxygen saturation of 75%, and the electrocardiogram showed ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads. Urgent coronary angiography showed a d...