Abstract Background Regimens combining pemetrexed (PEM) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) or death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are widely used for the treatment of advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSq-NSCLC). Recently, PEM was shown to induce immunogenic death (ICD) enhance immune-regulatory genes. Some patients demonstrate an extremely long-...

We examined the polymorphisms in the PIT1 gene of 103 pigs and compared their frequencies in the maternal and paternal lineages of the Pietrain and Large White breeds, which have undergone divergent selection for over 30 years. DNA samples extracted from the blood of these animals were amplified by PCR and genotyped by RFLP, using the restriction enzyme RsaI. The data were analyzed with the chi...

BACKGROUND Despite extensive efforts, the causes of autism remain unknown. Advancing paternal age has been associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders. We aim to investigate three unresolved questions: (a) What is the association between paternal age and autism spectrum disorders (ASD)?; (b) Does paternal age moderate the genetic and environmental etiological factors for ASD? (c) Does ...

leflunomide (lef), used for rheumatoid arthritis, inhibits dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (dhodh) and tyrosine kinase (tk) enzymes and has anti-inflammatory, lymphocyte proliferation regulatory, immunosuppression and chondroprotective effects. the most common adverse effects are gastrointestinal disorders, weight loss, hypertension, skin infection, and neurological and hematological toxicity. it...

micrornas participate in the regulation of asthma, the goal of this study is to summarize recent researches on the roles of micrornas in the pathogenesis of asthma. a review of the english medical literatures was conducted by searching pubmed for studies concerning asthma and micrornas. the results of the present study indicate that micrornas play important roles in regulating asthma immune res...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, with Nigeria having the third highest burden of HIV infection globally; efforts are made to increases access to HIV/AIDS care and treatment. This has currently reached rural areas with limited manpower and laboratory evaluation capacity. This review is necessitated by the paucity of in...

In most species, males do not abandon offspring or reduce paternal care when they are cuckolded by other males. This apparent lack of adjustment of paternal investment with the likelihood of paternity presents a potential challenge to our understanding of what drives selection for paternal care. In a comparative analysis across birds, fish, mammals, and insects we identify key factors that expl...

Estimation of CD4+ T-lymphocytes continues to be an important aspect for monitoring HIV disease progression and response to antiretroviral therapy. Most of the diagnostic laboratories often rely on western text books for CD4+ T-lymphocyte reference values, which could, often be unreliable for usage in local settings. Therefore, we attempted to establish the reference values for T-lymphocyte sub...

BACKGROUND The role of fathers in the development of obesity in their offspring remains poorly understood. We evaluated associations of missing paternal demographic information on birth certificates with perinatal risk factors for childhood obesity. METHODS Data were from the Linked CENTURY Study, a database linking birth certificate and well-child visit data for 200,258 Massachusetts childre...

OBJECTIVE To explore the association between maternal and paternal age and risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in offspring. DESIGN Historical birth cohort study. SETTING Kaiser Permanente (KP) in Northern California. PARTICIPANTS All singleton children born at KP from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 1999, were included in the study. We identified 593 children who had ASD diagnoses ...