Plant innate immunity to pathogenic microorganisms is activated in response to recognition of extracellular or intracellular pathogen molecules by transmembrane receptors or resistance proteins, respectively. The defense signaling pathways share components with those involved in plant responses to UV radiation, which can induce expression of plant genes important for pathogen resistance. Such i...

Plant resistance to disease is controlled by the combination of defense response pathways that are activated depending on the nature of the pathogen. We identified the Arabidopsis thaliana BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1) gene that is transcriptionally regulated by Botrytis cinerea infection. Inactivation of BIK1 causes severe susceptibility to necrotrophic fungal pathogens but enhances resistan...

A nested reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR assay detected mRNA of the salmonid pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum in samples of RNA extracts of between 1 and 10 cells. Total RNA was extracted from cultured bacteria, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) kidney tissue and ovarian fluid seeded with the pathogen, and kidney tissue from both experimentally challenged and commercially raised fish. Followin...

High pressure processing (HPP) is a promising food preservation technology as an alternative to thermal processing for microbial inactivation. The technological parameters, the type of microorganism, and the food composition can greatly affect the microbicidal potential of HPP against spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Presently, the number of available models quantifying the influence of ...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to compare the inhibitory effect of bovine serum albumin (bsa) and hydroxyapatite (ha) on the antibacterial activity of white-colored mta (wmta) against staphylococcus (s.) aureus and streptococcus (s.) mutans after 24 and 72 hours . materials & methods: all materials were prepared according to the manufacturer’s directions immediately before testing....