Specialized insect mouthparts, such as those of Drosophila, are derived from an ancestral mandibulate state, but little is known about the developmental genetics of mandibulate mouthparts. Here, we study the metamorphic patterning of mandibulate mouthparts of the beetle Tribolium castaneum, using RNA interference to deplete the expression of 13 genes involved in mouthpart patterning. These data...

The reproducible pattern of blood vessels formed in vertebrate embryos has been described extensively, but only recently have we obtained the genetic and molecular tools to address the mechanisms underlying these processes. This review describes our current knowledge regarding vascular patterning around the vertebrate midline and presents data derived from frogs, zebrafish, avians, and mice. Th...

The proper distribution of crossovers during meiosis I ensures accurate chromosome segregation at the first meiotic division. A new study reveals both the consequences of improper crossover patterning in Drosophila and the role of Blm helicase in controlling this patterning.

This article discusses the importance of patterning in early mathematics study for young children and describes some patterning activities for prekindergarten classes to motivate young children to explore the mathematics through observing and creating their own patterns.

Correction for ‘Extending nanoscale patterning with multipolar surface plasmon resonances’ by Issam Kherbouche et al. , Nanoscale 2021, 13 11051–11057, DOI: 10.1039/D1NR02181H.

Abnormal hippocampal function likely contributes to relational learning deficits observed in schizophrenia. It is unknown whether these deficits can be attenuated with a training intervention. The purpose of this project was to determine if training could facilitate relational learning of the transverse patterning task in schizophrenia. Healthy and schizophrenia subjects completed a version of ...

Mechanisms controlling vein patterning are poorly understood. We describe a recessive Arabidopsis mutant, scarface (sfc), which maps to chromosome 5. sfc mutants have vein pattern defects in cotyledons, leaves, sepals and petals. In contrast to the wild type, in which these organs all have linear veins that are continuous with at least one other vein, in sfc mutants these organs' secondary and ...

Tissue expansion and patterning are integral to development; however, it is unknown quantitatively how a mother accumulates molecular resources to invest in the future of instructing robust embryonic patterning. Here we develop a model, Tissue Expansion-Modulated Maternal Morphogen Scaling (TEM(3)S), to study scaled anterior-posterior patterning in Drosophila embryos. Using both ovaries and emb...

Axial patterning in the vertebrate inner ear has been studied for over eighty years, and recent work has made great progress towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for establishing asymmetries about the otic axes. Tissues extrinsic to the ear provide sources of signalling molecules that are active early in development, at or before otic placode stages, while intrinsic ...

The wnt signaling pathway is an intercellular communication mechanism essential in cell-fate specification, tissue patterning and regional-identity specification. A βcatenin-dependent signal specifies the AP (Anteroposterior) axis of planarians, both during regeneration of new tissues and during normal homeostasis. Accordingly, four wnts (posterior wnts) are expressed in a nested manner in cent...