While horizontal gradients of biodiversity have been examined extensively in the past, vertical diversity gradients (elevation, water depth) are attracting increasing attention. We compiled data from 443 elevational gradients involving diverse organisms worldwide to investigate how elevational diversity patterns may vary between the Northern and Southern hemispheres and across latitudes. Our re...

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) patterns were compared for the lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus, a nematode parasite of cattle. Eight individual D. viviparus samples from each of 8 herds in Sweden and 1 laboratory isolate were analysed, with the aim of describing the diversity and genetic structure in populations using different genetic m...

Evolution based on the benefits of acquiring "good genes" in sexual selection is only plausible with the reliable transmission of genetic quality from one generation to the next. Accumulating evidence suggests that sexually antagonistic (SA) genes with opposite effects on Darwinian fitness when expressed in the two different sexes may be common in animals and plants. These SA genes should weake...

Food webs (i.e., networks of species and their feeding interactions) share multiple structural features across ecosystems. The factors explaining such similarities are still debated, and the role played by most organismal traits and their intraspecific variation is unknown. Here, we assess how variation in traits controlling predator-prey interactions (e.g., body size) affects food web structur...

Children’s truncations of multisyllabic words, i.e. the omission of entire syllables, are investigated. More specifically, the consistency of truncation patterns is analyzed in two studies. First, a systematic quantitative analysis of the truncations of a single Dutch speaking Flemish boy is reported. Secondly, the generalizability of the findings of the case study is assessed: the results are ...

Actinidiaceae is a well-known economically important plant family in asterids. To elucidate the chloroplast (cp) genome evolution within this family, here we present complete genomes of three species from two sister genera (Clematoclethra and Actinidia) in the Actinidiaceae via genome skimming technique. Comparative analyses revealed that the genome structure and content were rather conservativ...

In the past few years, there has been a growing interest in detecting quotation families and in automatically analyzing transformation patterns. However, no work has provided a complete qualitative analysis of these variations. Through a comprehensive linguistic analysis, the goal of this paper is to study and categorize the way quotes from newspapers tend to evolve and deform over time. In ord...

Given an observed point pattern in a window W0 ⊂ R we address the following two questions: How can one extend in a ‘reasonable way’ the pattern to a larger window W ⊃ W0? Can one predict possible gaps in the observed point configuration where points were ‘expected’ but somehow failed to realise? By assuming that the point pattern is an observed part of a realisation of a non-homogeneous Poisson...

the behavior of suspended sediment during flood events is not only a function of energy conditions, i.e. sediment is stored at low flow and transported under high flow conditions, but also is related to the variations in sediment supply and sediment depletion. these changes in sediment availability result in so-called hysteresis effects. therefore, hysteresis pattern analysis is of great import...

A characteriation of continuity of the $p$-$Lambda$-variation function is given and the Helly's selection principle for $Lambda BV^{(p)}$ functions is established. A characterization of the inclusion of Waterman-Shiba classes into classes of functions with given integral modulus of continuity is given. A useful estimate on modulus of variation of functions of class $Lambda BV^{(p)}$ is found.