Abstract This manuscript is a critical review of the analytical methods reported in existing literature for determination mycotoxin patulin at trace/ultra-trace levels food matrices. The article starts focusing on what mycotoxins are, their “analytical history” (more than 21,000 articles published Scopus database): each specific given fungus and shows toxic effects, some even being carcinogenic...

The availability of immunotoxicity data for fungal toxins varies considerably for different toxins. The following is a comprehensive review of the most recent literature on the immunotoxicity of aflatoxins, fumonisins, gliotoxin, ochratoxins, patulin, and trichothecenes. Aflatoxin is an immunomodulating agent that acts primarily on cell-mediated immunity and phagocytic cell function. In additio...