We describe the new technology add-on payment (NTAP) program used by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to provide additional payment for breakthrough technologies in the Medicare hospital inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS). We also evaluate spending under the program. Our findings suggest that the criteria established by the CMS to limit qualifying technologies, comb...

Payment channel networks use off-chain transactions to provide virtually arbitrary transaction rates. In this paper, we provide a new perspective on payment channels and consider them as a flow network. We propose an extended push-relabel algorithm to find payment flows in a payment channel network. Our algorithm enables a distributed and concurrent execution without violating capacity constrai...

Nearly ten years after the implementation of Medicare's Prospective Payment System (PPS), some of its major impacts remain hard to explain using existing economic models. We develop a simple model of the hospital's choice of intensity of care, which affects demand for admissions. The model suggests an important role for the level of prospective payment, independent of the effect of marginal inc...

The development of the third party payment, which enhances electronic commerce’s development greatly, provides a secure, efficient, convenient and low-cost way to transfer funds between the seller and the buyer. With fast development of electronic commerce and fierce competition in the third party payment market, the central bank of China sets about granting profession licenses to related compa...

It has been widely accepted that fairness is a critical property for electronic commerce. Fair payment protocol is designed to guarantee fairness in a payment process over asynchronous network. Fairness means that when the protocol terminates, either both parties get their expected items, or neither does. In this paper we first present a new generic offline fair payment protocol with fairness, ...

In case of micropayment schemes, all costs that appear during functioning should be minimized. This includes cost of disputes and charge backs that result in penalties for the vendor. We extend the PayWord micropayment scheme with payment approval to minimize disputes, charge backs or to avoid attacks that ruin the reputation of the vendor. Payment approval is achieved by employing a MAC functi...

Service industries may lack a fundamental understanding of the implications payment acceptance has for their business. Research into 11 targeted markets cuts through hypotheses and casts a clearer direction for a spectrum of service markets in a cashless society. While management publications do focus on product and service differentiation, they often ignore payment acceptance in their analysis...

The primary legislative response to diminishing private plan participation in the Medicare+Choice (M+C) program since 1999 has been substantial payment increases. Analysis of M+C decisions to continue serving or drop counties from 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 reveals that payment amounts, although important, did not have a consistent impact on these decisions. Plan decisions varied depending on the ...

articles 305 through to 314 in the islamic punishment law are about agheleh (the party responsible for the minor perpetrator of murber): definition of agheleh, payment of bloud money by agheleh for commiting purely accidental murder, cases in which blood money is up to agheleh and… . why agheleh should be taken responsible for such payment is a question brought up after the ratification of the ...

This paper presents a generic electronic payment model which is intended for a multi-merchant transaction, in which more than one merchant (the retailer, multiple resellers and content providers) are involved in the distribution of electronic contents. With our payment model, every involved merchant will be notified to verify the license information of a content on the settlement day before the...