BACKGROUND In 2009, 3 genome-wide association studies implicated IL28B single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as the strongest genetic pretreatment predictor of sustained virological response (SVR) in hepatitis C infection. Recently, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) included IL28B testing in their gui...

Twenty-six root nodule bacteria from two native forage legumes namely Sulla aculeolata subsp. and mauritanica were isolated analyzed using a polyphasic approach comprising phenotypic traits, ERIC-PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This is the first time study has been performed to determine diversity of associated with spp. Phenotypically, all isolates identified as fast-growing shows high toleranc...

Alphavirus species are globally distributed zoonoses primarily transmitted by arthropods. The Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and Eastern (EEEV) endemic in Costa Rica. This study aims to detect these viruses brain samples from equines displaying nervous signs. For this purpose, four published Universal RT-PCR methods were compared. most sensitive specific method was used test a tota...

We describe doublex sequencing of human genomic PCR products using two differently labeled primers in a single reaction and analysis on two automated DNA sequencing devices. Feasibility of the methodology is demonstrated by isothermal and cycle sequencing for two different PCR products and by cycle sequencing on both strands of a single product. It was applied to analyze mutations in patient DN...

Introduction and Aim: Patients, who are positive for Coronavirus disease 2019 in association with bacterial co-infection may be more severe, the treatment is problematic, cycle prolonged overall. This study aims to investigate blood stream infection using 16S rRNA sequencing methods.
 
 Materials Methods: Two ml leftover samples from 50 patients laboratory confirmed RT-PCR 2019, got a...

Structural alterations of the apolipoprotein E (apo E) are known to influence the lipid metabolism. The three most common isoproteins Arg 158) are encoded by three co-dominant alleles (e2, el, e4). Phenotyping is cumbersome and, therefore, several methods for apo E genotyping have been developed. Of these, PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) is currently most rapid and cost-effe...

The direct sequencing of PCR products, a bacterial colony (plasmid DNA), or phage plaque (λDNA) is a very powerful technique applicable to several molecular biological experiments. In particular, the sequencing of plasmid DNA directly from within bacterial colonies provides a rapid screening method to confirm the orientation of DNA inserts. Similarly, the direct sequencing of λDNA within plaque...

background and aims: lamivudine is amongst the antiviral for drug chronic hepatitis b treatment. during therapy with lamivudine, variants may emerge with ymdd mutation in the reverse transcriptase (rt) region of polymerase gene. this mutation might have a role in drug resistant for hbv. materials and methods: hbv dna extraction from serum sample of 88 patients, were subjected to nested pcr for ...

BACKGROUND The invention of the Genome Sequence 20 DNA Sequencing System (454 parallel sequencing platform) has enabled the rapid and high-volume production of sequence data. Until now, however, individual emulsion PCR (emPCR) reactions and subsequent sequencing runs have been unable to combine template DNA from multiple individuals, as homologous sequences cannot be subsequently assigned to th...