Tubular reabsorption and excretion of calcium were studied at different levels of filtered calcium by means of calcium infusion in normal and hypercalciuric subjects and in patients with idiopathic nephrolithiasis. Calcium reabsorption and excretion rose linearly with filtered load and in no case was a maximum tubular reabsorptive capacity for calcium reached. No decrease in tubular reabsorptio...

Idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria are multifactorial disease conditions, the pathogenesis of which involves the interaction of environmental and individual factors. Data support a strong role of genes in the pathogenesis of these two conditions. Findings obtained in monogenic disorders characterized by renal calcium stones, and/or hypercalciuria, and/or nephrocalcinosis have...

We describe a combined percutaneous and endoscopic approach to remove encrusted permanent suture in the renal pelvis that was placed during pyeloplasty repair. Our index patient had a laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty at an outside institution 10 years before presenting with flank pain and nondependent nephrolithiasis. This proved to be an encrusted permanent suture material. There is limite...

The prevalence of kidney stones is climbing in the United States. Several investigators have demonstrated an association between metabolic syndrome and kidney stones and some have proposed a causal link. Risk factors for nephrolithiasis can be identified with a 24-hour urine collection and preventive measures can be customized to meet the needs of individual patients. Dietary and pharmacologic ...

This guideline is structured to provide Canadian urologists with practical recommendations for the evaluation and medical management of kidney stone disease, with a particular emphasis on calcium nephrolithiasis. The goals of this guideline are to promote the identification of significant underlying systemic and urinary abnormalities that will predispose the patient to recurrent nephrolithiasis...

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism and occurs in one percent of cases. Most of the patients at the time of diagnosis are young and the mean age is 40 year-old and occur with equal frequency in both sexes. In most series, serum calcium levels are ≽ 14 mg/dl and in half of them, a palpable cervical mass is evident. Clinical manifestations are maily due to hyperca...

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a medical condition caused by overactive of parathyroid gland. It is most commonly caused by solitary adenoma of the parathyroid gland. Other causes of this condition are hyperplasia, multiple adenomas, and parathyroid cancer. Primary hyperparathyroidism has some metabolic consequences in the calcium metabolism. Hypercalcemia in patient with primary hyperparathyro...

Medical treatment of obesity and lifestyle modification have limited effectiveness in treating it in morbidly obese individuals. Importantly, bariatric surgery is regarded as the only therapy that is effective in maintaining significant weight loss in morbidly obese individuals. Despite the fact that bariatric surgery-induced weight loss is associated with a significant decrease in morbidity an...

Nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis are common in both term and premature infants who have had difficult neonatal courses.  Multiple factors may contribute and being born from a diabetic mother  Is one of them. This case is about a neonate with nephrocalcinosis .she is followed to 9months and remained healthy during a 9 month follow up.

Menopause is reported to be associated with increased urinary calcium excretion, which may enhance the risk for the development of calcium kidney stones. However, it remains controversial about whether high level of postmenopausal hormone (PMH) is a risk factor for formation of nephrolithiasis. Several observational studies have shown that PMH is protective based on 24-hour urinary parameters. ...