B-type synthetic carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHAp), natural carbonate fluorapatite (CFAp) and silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (SiHAp) have been studied by using micro-Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. It was found that while B-type carbonate substitution predominates in carbonate apatites (CAps), A-type is also detected. B-type carbonate substitution causes a broadening of the v(1) P-O str...

Carbonate dissolution has been widely observed in shallow water tropical sediments. However, sediment budgets have generally not been closed with respect to the amount of acid required to produce the observed carbonate dissolution. Recently it has been suggested that enhanced oxygen transport into sediments through the roots and rhizomes of sea grasses might play a role in resolving this mass b...

The transport of carbonate ions through a supported liquid membrane in the presence and absence of carriers has been explored. The liquid membrane used was the combined liquid cation and anion exchangers in toluene immobilized in the porous polypropylene support. The permeability coefficient (P) of carbonate ions transport from the source to receiving through membrane phase has been estimated. ...

OBJECTIVE To describe the use of sodium carbonate and apomorphine in a historical cohort of dogs, compare the occurrence of emesis and report any adverse effects recorded. METHODS This historical, observational study included information from medical records of dogs that received an emetic agent. The occurrence of emesis with apomorphine or sodium carbonate was calculated and the association ...

A suite of Na-bearing type A-B carbonate hydroxyapatites {Ca(10-y)Na(y)[(PO4)(6-y)(CO3)y][(OH)(2-2x)(CO3)x], x approximately = y} has been synthesized at 1200 degrees C and 0.5-1.0 GPa, and investigated by single-crystal X-ray structure and FTIR spectroscopy. Crystal data for the maximum content of carbonate (11.1 wt%) are a = 9.3855(7), c = 6.9142(4) A, space group P6(3)/m, R = 0.023, R(w) = 0...

Fluid flow features in carbonate platforms of the outer Browse Basin, Northwest Australia, are investigated using 3D seismic and borehole data. During the Cenozoic, the study area evolved from a carbonate ramp to a rimmed platform with isolated carbonate build-ups; as such it played a key role in focusing fluid on their buoyant flow to the surface. Statistical analyses of direct hydrocarbon ind...

The Clydach Valley Subgroup (Courceyan) records a dip section through an Early Carboniferous shallow marine, carbonate shelf and consists of three oolitic formations separated by paludal/peritidal units with abundant evidence subaerial exposure in proximal areas. lower part correlates the Kinderhookian–Osagean Boundary Excursion, allochem data indicating minimum ?13C value for marine +4.5‰, ass...

Basalts erupted to form the atolls and guyots of the Western Pacific have been altered in various ways, ranging from hydrothermal alteration to subaerial weathering by meteoric waters in a tropical environment. Subaerial weathering has been moderate to extreme. Moderate subaerial weathering is expressed by dissolution or replacement of primary minerals (olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase feldspar)...

Oil recovery by waterflooding in fractured formations is often dependent on spontaneous imbibition. However, spontaneous imbibition is often insignificant in oil-wet, carbonate rocks. Sodium carbonate and anionic surfactant solutions are evaluated for enhancing oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition from oil-wet carbonate rocks. Crude-oil samples must be free of surface-active contaminants to b...