OBJECTIVE Young adults are increasingly interacting with their peer groups online through social networking sites. These online interactions may reinforce or escalate alcohol and other drug (AOD) use as a result of more frequent and continuous exposure to AOD promotive norms; however, the influence of young adults' virtual networks on AOD use remains untested. The purpose of this study was to e...

Social norms involve observation by others and external sanctions for violations, while moral norms involve introspection and internal sanctions. To study such norms and their effects, we design a laboratory experiment. We examine dictator choices, where we create a shared understanding by providing advice from peers with no financial payoff at stake. We vary whether advice is given, as well as...

In hopes of motivating consumers to provide larger volumes of useful reviews, many retailers offer financial incentives. Here, we explore an alternative approach, social norms, wherein we inform people about the volume of reviews authored by peers. We test the effectiveness of using financial incentives, social norms, and a combination of both strategies. In two randomized experiments, one in t...

Because stereotyping affects individual assessments of ability and because socializing experiences in the law, we argue that women judges color, while well-credentialed, feel pressure to work harder than their white male peers demonstrate competence. Using an original dataset published appellate court opinions from 2008–2016, find majority authored by female non-white go farther explain justify...

The present research assessed racial differences in the associations among controlled orientation, injunctive norms, and increased drinking by White and Asian American college students. Previous research has noted racial differences in drinking, but reasons have not been considered in the context of individual differences in self-determination or responses to social influences. The authors eval...

Social norms involve observation by others and external sanctions for violations, while moral norms involve introspection and internal sanctions. We develop a simple model of individual preferences that incorporates moral and social norms. We then examine dictator choices, where we create a shared understanding by providing advice from peers with no financial payoff at stake. We vary whether ad...

Social norms involve observation by others and external sanctions for violations, while moral norms involve introspection and internal sanctions. To study such norms and their effects, we design a laboratory experiment. We examine dictator choices, where we create a shared understanding by providing advice from peers with no financial payoff at stake. We vary whether advice is given, as well as...

OBJECTIVE This study examined the effectiveness of three peer-facilitated brief alcohol interventions-small group motivational interviewing, motivationally enhanced peer theater, and an interactive alcohol-education program-with students engaging in high-risk drinking who were referred for alcohol policy violations. METHOD Undergraduate students referred for alcohol policy violations (N = 695...

Abstract Studies of mediation practices typically focus on parental mediation, but during adolescence parents’ impact decreases relative to that peers. This study compares perceived and peer in the context media portrayals risk behavior adolescents’ perceptions thereof. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 278 adolescents aged 12 17 (M = 14.18, SD 1.62, 51.4 % girls) using Hayes’s proce...

OBJECTIVE Although alcohol use and related problems are highly prevalent in emerging adulthood overall, college students drink somewhat more than do their peers who do not attend college. The personal or social influences underlying this difference, however, are not yet well understood. The present study examined whether personality traits (i.e., self-regulation and sensation seeking) and peer ...