Despite the widespread adoption of new information technologies, a “digital divide” still exists, excluding many from enjoying the benefits, especially those who live in developing countries. A digital divide is defined as an access gap that is measured by the disparities in subscriber penetration levels and technological gaps reflected in technological discrepancies between countries and regio...

Burn-on and penetration defects in steel casting are principally caused by localised overheating of the sand mould or cores. Such overheating can cause liquid metal to compromise the mould surface and entrain onto the surface of the mould. A method has been developed to predict likely burn-on and penetration defect locations as part of a standard casting simulation. The method relies on determi...

Any part of this publication may be reproduced without permission for limited distribution, provided it is distributed without charge and the Population Council is acknowledged as its source. The Population Council would appreciate receiving a copy of any materials in which the text is used. The authors are grateful to Ragui Assaad and Rania Roushdy for providing us with the data on job quality...

Addition of non-traditional raw-materials and flours into wheat flour follows contemporary trend of manufacturing nutritionally healthier fermented bakery products. Aim of the study follows this tendency, evaluating nutritional improvement of composite flour and baking potential of prepared wheat-hemp flour composites. Hemp products addition significantly increased both protein and dietary fibr...

The N-vortex solutions to the two-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau equations for the κ = 1/ √ 2 parameter are built. The exact solutions are derived for the vortices with large numbers of the magnetic flux quanta. The size of vortex core is supposed to be much greater than the magnetic field penetration depth. In this limiting case the problem is reduced to the determination of vortex core shape. Th...

Recent measurements of the superconducting penetration depth in Ba(Fe1 xCox)2As2 appeared to disagree on the magnitude and curvature of Dkab(T), even near optimal doping. These measurements were carried out on different samples grown by different groups. To understand the discrepancy, we use scanning SQUID susceptometry and a tunnel diode resonator to measure the penetration depth in a single s...

The expected commercial opening of UMTS networks in Europe emphasizes the need for high performance design tools and methodology. UMTS networks are interference-limited with frequency resources shared among users [1]. High quality design is therefore crucial to optimally utilize the limited available resources to maximize coverage, capacity, and Quality of Service (QoS). This paper focuses on t...

Abstact-This application paper addresses the control of a nonminimum-phase plant with variable large orders and delays. The process concerned is futl penetration gas tungsten arc weld' ing. Based on an analysis of accepted adaptive algorithms, the generalized predictive control algorithm presented by Clarke' Mohtadi and Tirffs is selected as the principal control strategy. An adaptive generaliz...

Ion beam diagnostics are routinely used for quantitative analysis of the surface composition of mixture materials up to a depth of a few m. Unfortunately , advantageous properties of the diagnostics, like high depth resolution in combination with a large penetration depth, no destruction of the surface, high sensitivity for large as well as for small atomic numbers, and high sensitivity are mut...

Adaptive E-Learning systems are needed to efficiently support lifelong learning activities. To check goal attainment, learners need to take tests or assessment activities. Large efficiency gains may be made if the assessment and associated grading or evaluation process could be supported with adaptive systems sensitive to user parameters. Hand made tests are a timeconsuming and tiresome task. I...