GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analyses of alkaloids in the aerial parts and bulbs of Galanthus rizehensis Stern (Amaryllidaceae), collected during two different vegetation periods, was performed. Twenty three alkaloids were identified in four different alkaloid extracts. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of the alkaloid extracts were tested. Both the highest alkal...

Artificial lighting systems are transitioning from incandescent to compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) and light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs in response to the U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act and the EU Ecodesign Directive, which leads to energy savings and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Although CFLs and LEDs are more energy-efficient than incandescent bulbs, they require more metal-con...

the adhesion molecules are involved in adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells and other immune cells. not only adhesion molecules have membrane form, but they also have soluble form. in this paper, we attempted to investigate the concen¬tration of soluble adhesion molecules in the type 1 diabetic patients (n = 40) and healthy subjects (n = 10). the results indicated that there was an incre...

In the so called lightbulb process, on days r = 1, . . . ,n, out of n lightbulbs, all initially off, exactly r bulbs selected uniformly and independent of the past have their status changed from off to on, or vice versa. With Wn the number of bulbs on at the terminal time n and Cn a suitable clubbed binomial distribution, dTV(Wn,Cn)≤ 2.7314 √ ne−(n+1)/3 for all n≥ 1. The result is shown using S...

In this paper, we give a brief overview of the geometry of the Mandelbrot set. We show how to distinguish each of the principal bulbs hanging off the main cardioid of this set by counting the spokes of the antennas attached to each bulb. We also use these antennas to attach a fraction to each such bulb, and this then indicates how these bulbs are arranged around the boundary of the main cardioid.

Malformin was identified, by its biological activity and chromatography, in acetone extracts of the outer scales of onion bulbs infected with Aspergillus niger. Malformin was not detected in tissue underlying the infected areas or in the central portions of the bulbs, nor was malformein liberated from extracts or extracted tissues after reduction with zinc in acetic acid. This is the first repo...

since the days of ignorance, ode in arabic literature has been written based on a specified system and poets and critics have used this defined structure as foundation of their works. arabic ode consists of several parts, each of which is an introduction to the next part; first verse of an ode is called matla'. after matla' are placed tashbib (to mention youth affairs) or nasib (soft ...

OBJECTIVE Recent studies show that free radicals are important mediators of hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. Allium (A.) paradoxum showed antioxidant and antihemolytic activities. This work was conduct to determine the possible protective effect of this plant against hepatotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subcutaneous injection of 3 ml/kg carbon tetrachloride diluted in olive oi...