Where E0 is the standard electrode potential, R is the universal gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, z is the number of moles of electrons transferred in the cell reaction or halfreaction, F is the Faraday-constant, and cox and cred are the concentrations of the oxidized and reduced forms of the component. The potential of the hydrogen electrode is declared to be 0.000 V at all tempera...

Binary and ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) mixtures based on choline chloride, with ethylene glycol, oxalic acid, urea fructose, were used for the first time as media electropolymerisation of poly(methylene blue) (PMB) glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) GCEs modified multiwalled nanotubes (MWCNTs). The influence different parameters such DES composition, presence MWCNTs and/or perchlorate dopa...

A new poly(vinylchloride) membrane sensor for Cr3+ ions based on di (benzylamino)glyoxime asan ionophore was prepared. The electrode has a linear dynamic range 1×10-6-1×10-1 mol l-1,with aNernstian slope of 20.3 ± 0.5 mV per decade and a detection limit of 2×10-7. It has a fast responsetime of

A simple and selective carbon paste electrode has been developed for the electrochemicaldetermination of acyclovir (ACV). This electrode was designed by incorporation of multiwalledcarbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and ZnO nanoparticles into the carbon paste matrix,and then poly (o-aminophenol; OAP) film were subsequently electropolymerized on it. Thesurface structure of nanoparticles were characterize...

A simple and selective carbon paste electrode has been developed for the electrochemicaldetermination of acyclovir (ACV). This electrode was designed by incorporation of multiwalledcarbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and ZnO nanoparticles into the carbon paste matrix,and then poly (o-aminophenol; OAP) film were subsequently electropolymerized on it. Thesurface structure of nanoparticles were characterize...

Accurate measurements of soil macronutrients (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) are needed for efficient agricultural production, including site-specific crop management (SSCM), where fertilizer nutrient application rates are adjusted spatially based on local requirements. Rapid, non-destructive quantification of soil properties, including nutrient levels, has been possible with optica...

Perchlorate, an iodide uptake inhibitor, is increasingly being detected in new places and new matrices. Perchlorate contamination has been attributed largelyto the manufacture and use of ammonium perchlorate (the oxidizer in solid fuel rockets) and/or the earlier use of Chilean nitrate as fertilizer (approximately 0.1% perchlorate). However, there are regions such as the southern high plains (T...

The effect of nitrate, acetate, and hydrogen on native perchlorate-reducing bacteria (PRB) was examined by conducting microcosm tests using vadose soil collected from a perchlorate-contaminated site. The rate of perchlorate reduction was enhanced by hydrogen amendment and inhibited by acetate amendment, compared with unamendment. Nitrate was reduced before perchlorate in all amendments. In hydr...

Removal of perchlorate using either acid-washed zero-valent aluminum or aluminum hydroxide was studied in batch reactors under ambient temperature and pressure. Approximately 90-95% of perchlorate was removed within 24h in the presence of 35 g L(-1) aluminum at acidic pH (4.5+/-0.2). Although aluminum is a strong reductant, this study indicated no explicit evidence to support perchlorate reduct...