OBJECTIVES To determine trends and risk factors for severe perineal trauma between 2000 and 2008. DESIGN This was a population-based data study. SETTING New South Wales, Australia. PARTICIPANTS 510 006 women giving birth to a singleton baby during the period 2000-2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Rates of severe perineal trauma between 2000 and 2008 and associated demographic, fetal, antenata...

Background. Perineal pressure due to bicycle riding has been associated with erectile dysfunction. We developed a novel method to measure the occlusive force exerted over the perineal arteries and determined perineal artery occlusion by a variety of seat designs. Methods. Doppler ultrasonography facilitated perineal artery localization and determination of the force required for perineal artery...

inguinal hernias sometimes surprise surgeons with unexpected contents. this article reports a 46-year-old male with a painless inguinal mass. surgical exploration showed three smooth yellowish concretions in the hernia sac. to our knowledge, this is the first report of hernial sac lithiasis.

Congenital umbilical cord hernia is fairly common in infants and it is rarely associated with other anomalies. Sometimes, large umbilical cord hernia is confused with Small omphaloceles. We report an unusual case of umbilical cord hernia associated with patent vitello-intestinal duct (PVID), and Meckel's diverticulum underwent surgery and discharged with good general condition.

 This case is a rare aspect of left inguinal hernia. The patient was a 60-years old man with left scrotal mass since childhood. In the operating room, the hernia sac was opened which included cecum and appendix that is called left Amyand`s hernia. The patient underwent herniorrhaphy with Lichtenstein repair. 

Vaginal delivery during childbirth is associated with perineal trauma and damage in most women. Perineal damage during delivery can have significant long-term consequences for women, including decreased quality of birthing experience, persistent postpartum perineal pain and sexual dysfunction, as well as pelvic floor pathology. Many women fear such perineal trauma. In fact, obstetrical perineal...

BACKGROUND This study assessed whether epidural analgesia was an independent risk factor for severe perineal laceration. METHODS A retrospective cohort study analyzed 2,759 patients at St. Francis Regional Medical Center who had vertex, spontaneous or induced, singleton, live, vaginal deliveries of neonates of at least 36 weeks' gestation. Patients with diabetes or severe cardiac disease were...