Monoclonal antibodies to guinea pig T cells and antibodies to guinea pig immunoglobulin G were used in immunofluorescence studies to identify T and B cells in central nervous system tissue from guinea pigs with acute autoimmune encephalomyelitis. T cells appeared before B cells and were distributed within the white matter parenchyma, while B cells remained in perivascular spaces.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There are several methods to locate the femoral nerve in the perivascular inguinal space, being the most common the use of a peripheral nerve stimulator. This study aimed at evaluating femoral nerve block performed with peripheral nerve stimulator as compared to the loss of resistance to air technique, both by single injection or with catheter insertion. METHODS Sixt...

To cite: Datta S, Ramadan H, Werring DJ. Pract Neurol 2015;15:74–75. SUMMARY MRI-visible perivascular spaces are a recently recognised neuroimaging marker of cerebral small vessel diseases and centrum semiovale MRI-visible perivascular spaces may be a neuroimaging marker of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We report an elderly woman with speech and memory disturbance, whose MR scan of brain showed ...

Site-specific differences in skin response to pathogens and in the course of cutaneous inflammatory diseases are well appreciated. The composition and localization of cutaneous leukocytes has been studied extensively using histology and flow cytometry. However, the precise three-dimensional (3D) distribution of distinct immune cell subsets within skin at different body sites requires visualizat...

BACKGROUND The microenvironment of astrocytomas includes infiltrative inflammatory cells that are dynamic in nature, possibly reflecting tumor biology. We evaluated the inflammatory cell infiltrate in astrocytic tumors aiming for a better understanding of their immunobiology. METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of CD68, CD3, and CD20 was investigated in 21 glioblastomas, 21 anaplastic astr...

OBJECTIVES Perivascular spaces are associated with MRI markers of cerebral small vessel disease, including white matter hyperintensities. Although perivascular spaces are considered to be an early MRI marker of cerebral small vessel disease, it is unknown whether they are associated with further progression of MRI markers, especially white matter hyperintensities. We determined the association ...

There is significant evidence that brain-infiltrating CD8+ T cells play a central role in the development of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection of C57BL/6 mice. However, the mechanisms through which they mediate their pathogenic activity during malaria infection remain poorly understood. Utilizing intravital two-photon microscopy combined with detailed ...

BACKGROUND In structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of patients with a recent small subcortical infarct (RSSI) and small vessel disease (SVD) imaging markers coexist. However, their spatial distribution and prevalence with respect to the hemisphere of the RSSI remain unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS From brain MRI in 187 patients with an acute lacunar ischemic stroke clinical syndrome and...

In rats, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish malignant reticuloses from astrocytomas in routine histopathological assessment. In the present study, four spontaneous brain neoplasms developing in the cerebrum of one Wistar Hannover rat and three Sprague-Dawley rats were immunohistochemically examined using microglia and macrophage markers. Histopathologically, these neoplasms were localized...

The antigen presentation to lymphocytes in brain occurs in two steps. Initially it happens at perivascular spaces by perivascular microglia/macrophage population and finally at the site of inflammation deep into brain parenchyma by the resident microglia. But recent evidence challanges the existing notion of involvement of distinct and different cells at these sites. Studies have shown that man...