User modeling is now approaching its second decade. Its exact age, however, is difficult to determine. Was it born in 1978, when Allen, Cohen, and Perrault started to publish their seminal papers on dialog processing in natural language systems based on Searle's theory of speech acts and the speaker's intentions behind it? Or was it in 1979, when Elain Rich reported on her GRUNDY system, which ...

direction of visual stimuli, especially when visual motion direction is ambiguous. Arrighi et al. (2011) focus on the effect of the attentional resources on crossmodal perceptual abilities, and show that vision and audition rely on separate attentional resources. Finally, Chen et al. (2011) provide novel evidence for the effect of the auditory semantic context on visual awareness by using the b...

Previous work in AI story understanding has largely been used to build tools which can summarize stories and categorize them according to the events they describe (e.g., the technologies developed for the Message Understanding Conferences). These sorts of technologies are built around the assumptions that (1) events reported as facts in news stories should be “understood” as facts; (2) the styl...

A signific~mt component of a user raodel in au infornration-seeking dialogue is tim task-related plazl motivating the information-seeker's queries. A number of researchers have Irmdeled the plan inference process and used these models to design more robust natural language interfaces. However in each case, it has been assumed that the system's context model and the plan under construction by th...

FOR RELATED ARTICLE, SEE PAGE 564Eccentric training has been proposed as a therapeutic alternative to concentric in symptom-limited individuals with COPD who are unable tolerate conventional exercise, because up four times greater muscle forces can be generated lower ventilatory demands.1Ellis R. Shields N. Lim K. Dodd K.J. Eccentric exercise adults cardiorespiratory disease: systematic review....

Central MessageIt is essential to measure the cost of complications, not just their incidence, properly assess patient-centered value following cardiac surgery.See Article page 880. It surgery. See Hospitals and providers are under increased scrutiny understand association between costs complications by holding them accountable for these additional expenses.1Engelman D.T. Value-based health car...

A planning program named PANDORA (Plan ANalyzer with Dynamic Organization, Revision, and Application) has been developed which creates plans in the commonsense domains of everyday situations and of a Unix** Consultant using hierarchical planning and metaplanning. PANDORA detects its own goals in an eventdriven fashion, dynamically interleaving the creation, execution and revision of its plans. ...

An experimental system for dialogue structure analysis based on a new type plan recognition model for spoken dialogues has been implemented. This model is realized by using four typed plans which are categorized into three kinds of universal pragmatics and a ldnd of taskdependent knowledge related to common action h i e r a r c h i e s . The e x p e r i m e n t a l s y s t e m is c h a r a c t ...

We present, in easily reproducible terms, a simple transformation for o ineparsable grammars which results in a provably terminating parsing program directly top-down interpretable in Prolog. The transformation consists in two steps: (1) removal of empty-productions, followed by: (2) left-recursion elimination. It is related both to left-corner parsing (where the grammar is compiled, rather tha...

Journal of 3D Printing in MedicineVol. 5, No. 1 CommentaryFree Access3D printing surgical simulation: emphasized importance the COVID-19 pandemic eraRoss Michaels‡, Chelsey A Witsberger‡, Allison R Powell, Krishna Koka, Katheryn Cohen, Zahra Nourmohammadi, Glen E Green & David ZopfRoss Michaels‡ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5828-7698Medical School, University Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA‡C...