This article gives an overview of two recent trials investigating rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, in its potential to prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D) and in its effectiveness in monotherapy. Thiazolidinediones are among the most important developments of recent years for combating T2D and therefore worth to revisit. The possible influence of thiazolidines in improving beta-cell function is di...

Rall JA. Nobel Laureate A. V. Hill and the refugee scholars, 1933–1945. Adv Physiol Educ 41: 248–259, 2017; doi:10.1152/ advan.00181.2016.—A. V. Hill shared the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his investigation of the energetics of muscular contraction. His scientific work has been well chronicled over many years (Rall JA. Mechanism of Muscular Contraction, 2014). There is the na...

THE IMPACT: DEVELOPED VS. EMERGING ECONOMIES Developed economies already benefi t from a bewildering array of computational infrastructure, which is being progressively integrated into work and recreational activities. The same technologies let corporations operate globally and produce cost-effective products and services. Kofi Annan, in his 2002 address to the United Nations, observed: “The ne...

The phenomenon of yawning is just as intriguing and fascinating as sleep, yet understanding of its causes and consequences has defied the human mind for centuries. Hippocrates, Sennert, Boerhaave and de Gorter each advanced a theory in his time. From the release of tainted humor to the awakening of animal spirits and improved brain oxygenation, the metaphors that developed from these theories a...

    In this paper, a new revenue efficiency data envelopment analysis (RE-DEA) approach is considered for finding the most revenue efficient unit with price uncertainty in both optimistic and pessimistic perspectives. The optimistic and pessimistic perspectives use efficient frontier and inefficient frontier, respectively. An integrated model is introduced to find decision making units (DMUs) t...

Many datasets have multiple perspectives – for example space, time and description – and often analysts are required to study these multiple perspectives concurrently. This concurrent analysis becomes difficult when data are grouped and split into small multiples for comparison. A design challenge is thus to provide representations that enable multiple perspectives, split into small multiples, ...

Adaptation to climate change is being addressed in many domains. This means that there are multiple perspectives on adaptation; often with differing visions resulting in disconnected responses and outcomes. Combining singular perspectives into coherent, combined perspectives that include multiple needs and visions can help to deepen the understanding of various aspects of adaptation and provide...

The term perspective is used for a set of properties describing an object with respect to a common theme. The use of a perspectives representation is illustrated and evaluated in a programming tool called EXPLAINER, which supports programmers by providing explanations of examples related to the programmers’ current task. Having multiple representation perspectives is essential for supporting pe...

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is the most common complication of long-standing diabetes mellitus which frequently results in clinically significant morbidities e.g. pain, foot ulcers and amputations. During its natural course it progresses from initial functional changes to late, poorly reversible, structural changes. Various interconnected pathogenetic concepts of diabetic neuropathy have bee...