Several industrial activities around the Niger Delta region have contributed to widespread contamination of marine ecosystems with organochlorine compounds (OCs), petroleum products that are a source polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These pollutants tend be persistent in environment and also often highly toxic biota. The study was therefore, aimed at determining concentrations organic (...

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), using petroleum ether as the solvent, was systematically applied to extract main macamides and macaenes from Maca hypocotyls. Extraction yield was related with four variables, including ratio of solution to solid, extraction temperature, extraction time, and extraction power. On the basis of response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal conditions were de...

Petroleum-based plastics have many drawbacks: the large amount of energy required to produce the plastic, the waste generated as a result of plastic production, and the accumulation of waste due to slow degradation rate. It is because of these negative attributes of conventional plastic use that attention is being focused on environmentally friendly plastics from alternative sources. Albumin pr...

Background Brazil is the world’s leading ethanol producer and exporter. Due to increasing fuel demands, ethanol production has escalated in recent years. Vinasse is generated as a byproduct of the ethanol industry and is mainly used as fertilizer. The excessive usage of vinasse in soil leads to groundwater contamination [1]. The objective of this project is to develop a fermentation process wit...

Petroleum oil is a complex mixture of substances, the majority of which are hydrocarbons; the latter represent an extremely important and heterogeneous group of compounds that find their way into water resources by anthropogenic or natural ways. The majority of toxic hydrocarbon components of petroleum are biodegradable, where bioremediation using microbial species has become an integral proces...

the analyze of the petroleum contract determines that the ownership of the oil and gas filed is one of the very fundamental issues in the petroleum contract not only for the host country in the middle east but also for the petroleum companies. but the analyze of the petroleum contracts from the ownership perspective may show that the hybrid nature of this ownership rights, one from private law ...

Phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins are widely used as wood adhesives in the industrial production of exterior-grade plywood panels, oriented strand board panels and particleboards due to their superior performance including high bonding strength, heat resistance, excellent water resistance and chemical stability1. However, phenol, one raw material for the synthesis of PF resins, is a petroleum-bas...

The petroleum activities on the Norwegian Continental Shelf are subject to regulations issued by the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate. One important issue in these regulations is the use of acceptance criteria, and this paper discusses some philosophical aspects of acceptance criteria for risk, and the role of statistical decision theory within safety management. Statistical decision theory has ...