A variety of factors, including concentration of oil, antibiotics, dyes, and inoculum washes, were examined to determine their effect on the total counts of microorganisms on oil-containing media. The media found to be best for enumerating petroleum-degrading microorganisms contained 0.5% (vol/vol) oil and 0.003% phenol red, with Fungizone added for isolating bacteria and streptomycin and tetra...

Geology is a complex, semantically rich domain involving the interpretation of geological maps as external visualizations. Geological maps are complex in particular because 3dimensional features must be inferred from 2-dimensional representations depicted by differing line types and weights. Modeling building, as an internal mental activity, is also required in order to achieve deep understandi...

The standard account of the reasoning process within geology views it as lacking a distinctive methodology of its own. Rather, geology is described as a derivative science, relying on the logical techniques exemplified by physics. I argue that this account is inadequate and skews our understanding of both geology and the scientific process in general. Far from simply taking up and applying the ...

Plate tectonic reconstructions have been employed in geosciences since 1970s, the context of hydrocarbon exploration, regional geology and paleobiology. Such studies given valuable inputs for climate geodynamic computations, present-day mantle structure, models plate motion, interpretation drift hotspots, true polar wander (TPW), sea level stratigraphic signals. However, generated past by incor...

We present a coherent and unified group of general explanations for the various phase transitions, which may occur in the seven naturally occurring petroleum fluids with emphasis on their heavy organics. The seven petroleum fluids include, in the order of their fluidity, natural gas, near-critical gas-condensate, light crude, intermediate crude, heavy oil, tar sand and oil shale. At first the n...

Modem geology was founded by James Hutton at the end of the 18th cenhuy as an observational, descriptive, qualitative, and subjective science. It was the pioneer work of Pearson (1901) and Spearman (1904) in statistics applied to agriculture, biology, medicine, and psychology, that led to the first major inroads of quantitative techniques in geology and the models they used were above all stati...

In the presented research we have tested the application of photo ionization detector of ECOPROBE 5 analyzer to monitoring of low concentrations of petroleum products in water. Petroleum products are organic pollutants that are present in wastewater most frequently, which is caused by their broad applications and frequent incidents. Emergency leakage of petroleum and its products is predominant...

The Dawn spacecraft collected over 28,000 images and a wealth of spectral data of Vesta’s surface. These data enable analysis of Vesta’s diverse geology including impact craters of all sizes and unusual shapes, a variety of ejecta blankets, large troughs, impact basins, enigmatic dark material, and considerable evidence for mass wasting and surface alteration processes [1,2,3]. Two large impact...

pillow lavas are locally conspicuous. A unit consisting of dark, thinly bedded sandstone and siltstone, lccally ranging to several hundred feet thick, is lowermost in the exposed section. The middle division consists of about 3,500 feet of mixed andesi.:e and basalt volcaniclastic rocks ~ lahar, tuff breccia, volcanic sandstone, and conglomeratic beds which rest on relatively thin, fossiliferou...