We show by analytical and numerical calculations that the phase change on reflection that occurs in interference microscopy is almost independent of the numerical aperture of the objective. The shift of the microscope interferogram response due to the phase change on reflection, however, increases with the numerical aperture. Measurements of the interferogram shift are made with a Linnik interf...

A review of the diverse roles of entropy and the second law in computationalthermo– uid dynamics is presented. Entropy computations are related to numerical error, convergence criteria, time-step limitations, and other signiŽ cant aspects of computational  uid  ow and heat transfer. The importance of the second law as a tool for estimating error bounds and the overall scheme’s robustness is ...

We show that the mean phase of waves propagating all the way from the far side of the Sun to the front side, as measured by seismic holography, varies with time. The change is highly anticorrelated with solar cycle activity and is consistent with other recent results on the variation of the seismic radius of the Sun. The phase change that we observe corresponds to a few kilometers difference in...

This article presents a novel SPR imaging biomolecular interaction detection method based on time domain phase modulation. An experimental apparatus of SPR imaging biomolecular interaction detection based on TDPM is established to detect biomolecular interaction. During the experimental pretreatment process, we prepared the 2×2 lysozyme array chip and detected lysozyme thermal condensation stat...

This paper presents a novel method to quantitatively characterize the thermal performance of composite materials containing phase change materials (PCM) based on a figure of merit we termed the energy indicator. The method features (i) commonly used specimen geometry, (ii) straightforward experimental implementation, and (iii) sensitivity to relevant design parameters including PCM volume fract...

Multicomponent chalcogenides, such as quasi-binary GeTe-Sb2Te3 alloys, are widely used in optical data storage media in the form of rewritable optical discs. Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) in particular has proven to be one of the best-performing materials, whose reliability allows more than 10(6) write-erase cycles. Despite these industrial applications, the fundamental kinetics of rapid phase change in GST ...

Temperature gradients in a low-shear-velocity province in the lowermost mantle (D'' region) beneath the central Pacific Ocean were inferred from the observation of a rapid S-wave velocity increase overlying a rapid decrease. These paired seismic discontinuities are attributed to a phase change from perovskite to post-perovskite and then back to perovskite as the temperature increases with depth...

Phase change phenomena in clusters are often modeled by augmenting physical interaction potentials with an external constraining potential to handle evaporation processes in finite temperature simulations. These external constraining potentials exert a pressure on the cluster. The influence of this constraining pressure on phase change phenomena in 38-atom Lennard-Jones clusters is investigated...

This study shows results of the experimental investigation of regularly structured Composite Latent Heat Storages. Common solid-liquid Phase Change Materials used as latent heat storages have a low thermal conductivity, which leads to high temperature differences inside large PCM volumes. This drawback is compensated by the combination with specially designed frame-structures made of aluminum t...